Ballesteros Martha Nydia, Valenzuela Fabrizio, Robles Alma E, Artalejo Elizabeth, Aguilar David, Andersen Catherine J, Valdez Herlindo, Fernandez Maria Luz
Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Nutrients. 2015 May 11;7(5):3449-63. doi: 10.3390/nu7053449.
There is concern that egg intake may increase blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, we have previously shown that eggs reduce inflammation in patients at risk for T2DM, including obese subjects and those with metabolic syndrome. Thus, we hypothesized that egg intake would not alter plasma glucose in T2DM patients when compared to oatmeal intake. Our primary endpoints for this clinical intervention were plasma glucose and the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin 6 (IL-6). As secondary endpoints, we evaluated additional parameters of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemias, oxidative stress and inflammation. Twenty-nine subjects, 35-65 years with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values <9% were recruited and randomly allocated to consume isocaloric breakfasts containing either one egg/day or 40 g of oatmeal with 472 mL of lactose-free milk/day for five weeks. Following a three-week washout period, subjects were assigned to the alternate breakfast. At the end of each period, we measured all primary and secondary endpoints. Subjects completed four-day dietary recalls and one exercise questionnaire for each breakfast period. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, our primary endpoint, plasma lipids, lipoprotein size or subfraction concentrations, insulin, HbA1c, apolipoprotein B, oxidized LDL or C-reactive protein. However, after adjusting for gender, age and body mass index, aspartate amino-transferase (AST) (p < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p < 0.01), one of our primary endpoints were significantly reduced during the egg period. These results suggest that compared to an oatmeal-based breakfast, eggs do not have any detrimental effects on lipoprotein or glucose metabolism in T2DM. In contrast, eggs reduce AST and TNF-α in this population characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation.
人们担心摄入鸡蛋可能会使2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的血糖升高。然而，我们之前已经表明，鸡蛋可减轻T2DM风险患者（包括肥胖受试者和患有代谢综合征的患者）的炎症。因此，我们假设与摄入燕麦片相比，摄入鸡蛋不会改变T2DM患者的血糖水平。本次临床干预的主要终点是血糖以及炎症标志物肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α和白细胞介素6（IL-6）。作为次要终点，我们评估了葡萄糖代谢、血脂异常、氧化应激和炎症的其他参数。招募了29名年龄在35至65岁之间、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）值<9%的受试者，并将他们随机分配，让其连续五周每天食用等热量早餐，其中一组每天吃一个鸡蛋，另一组每天吃40克燕麦片并搭配472毫升无乳糖牛奶。经过为期三周的洗脱期后，让受试者改用另一种早餐。在每个阶段结束时，我们测量了所有主要和次要终点。受试者在每个早餐阶段都完成了为期四天的饮食回顾和一份运动问卷。在血糖（我们的主要终点）、血脂、脂蛋白大小或亚组分浓度、胰岛素、HbA1c、载脂蛋白B、氧化型低密度脂蛋白或C反应蛋白方面，没有显著差异。然而，在对性别、年龄和体重指数进行校正后，天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）（p<0.05）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α（p<0.01，我们的主要终点之一）在吃鸡蛋阶段显著降低。这些结果表明，与以燕麦片为基础的早餐相比，鸡蛋对T2DM患者的脂蛋白或葡萄糖代谢没有任何有害影响。相反，鸡蛋可降低这一以慢性低度炎症为特征人群的AST和TNF-α水平。
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