Kesler Dylan C, Walker Robert S
Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States of America.
Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2015 May 13;10(5):e0125113. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125113. eCollection 2015.
The headwaters of the Amazon Basin harbor most of the world's last indigenous peoples who have limited contact with encroaching colonists. Knowledge of the geographic distribution of these isolated groups is essential to assist with the development of immediate protections for vulnerable indigenous settlements. We used remote sensing to document the locations of 28 isolated villages within the four Brazilian states of Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, and Rondônia. The sites were confirmed during previous over-flights and by image evidence of thatched-roof houses; they are estimated to host over 1,700 individuals. Locational data were used to train maximum entropy models that identified landscape and anthropogenic features associated with the occurrence of isolated indigenous villages, including elevation, proximity to streams of five different orders, proximity to roads and settlements, proximity to recent deforestation, and vegetation cover type. Isolated villages were identified at mid elevations, within 20 km of the tops of watersheds and at greater distances from existing roads and trails. We further used model results, combined with boundaries of the existing indigenous territory system that is designed to protect indigenous lands, to assess the efficacy of the existing protected area network for isolated peoples. Results indicate that existing indigenous territories encompass all of the villages we identified, and 50% of the areas with high predicted probabilities of isolated village occurrence. Our results are intended to help inform policies that can mitigate against future external threats to isolated peoples.
亚马逊河流域的源头聚居着世界上大多数与不断 encroaching 的殖民者接触有限的原住民。了解这些与世隔绝群体的地理分布对于协助制定针对脆弱的原住民定居点的即时保护措施至关重要。我们利用遥感技术记录了巴西阿克里、亚马逊州、罗赖马州和朗多尼亚州四个州内 28 个与世隔绝村庄的位置。这些地点在之前的飞越过程中以及通过茅草屋顶房屋的图像证据得到了确认；据估计，这些村庄居住着 1700 多人。位置数据被用于训练最大熵模型，该模型识别出了与世隔绝的原住民村庄出现相关的景观和人为特征，包括海拔、与五种不同等级溪流的距离、与道路和定居点的距离、与近期森林砍伐区域的距离以及植被覆盖类型。与世隔绝的村庄位于中等海拔处，在分水岭顶部 20 公里范围内，且距离现有道路和小径较远。我们还利用模型结果，结合旨在保护原住民土地的现有原住民领地系统的边界，评估现有保护区网络对与世隔绝群体的有效性。结果表明，现有的原住民领地涵盖了我们所识别的所有村庄，以及 50%预测出现与世隔绝村庄概率较高的区域。我们的研究结果旨在为有助于减轻未来针对与世隔绝群体的外部威胁的政策提供参考。
