Buwalda Mattijn
Medical & Educational Services (www.mattijnb.nl), Military Medical Historical Research Society.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2015;159:A8920.
At the start of World War I, relatively inexperienced physicians were responsible for administering anaesthesia to severely injured soldiers in shock. Lack of knowledge, experience and proper equipment led to high mortality rates. Based on his pre-war experience in the department of respiratory physiology at Guy's Hospital in London, the British physician Geoffrey Marshall was ordered to investigate the high mortality rates. He was one of the first physicians to systematically record blood pressure, heart rate and haemoglobin level. The anaesthetic techniques of the time resulted in deep hypotension and high mortality. Marshall's main achievement was his design of a machine which could be used to reliably administer a mixture of ether, oxygen and nitrous oxide. This led to much more stable anaesthesia and a substantial decrease in mortality. After World War I, his invention became known as Boyle's machine, providing a template for all subsequent anaesthetic machines.
第一次世界大战初期，相对缺乏经验的医生负责为严重受伤且处于休克状态的士兵实施麻醉。知识、经验和合适设备的匮乏导致了高死亡率。基于他战前在伦敦盖伊医院呼吸生理学部门的经验，英国医生杰弗里·马歇尔受命调查高死亡率问题。他是最早系统记录血压、心率和血红蛋白水平的医生之一。当时的麻醉技术会导致深度低血压和高死亡率。马歇尔的主要成就是设计了一种机器，该机器可用于可靠地输送乙醚、氧气和一氧化二氮的混合气体。这带来了更稳定的麻醉效果，并大幅降低了死亡率。第一次世界大战后，他的发明被称为博伊尔机，为所有后续麻醉机提供了模板。
