地位更高，（甚至）高于平均水平。
Higher in status, (Even) better-than-average.
作者信息
Varnum Michael E W
机构信息
Psychology, Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2015 Apr 28;6:496. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00496. eCollection 2015.
In 5 studies (total N = 1357) conducted online using Amazon's MTurk the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the better-than-average effect (BTAE) was tested. Across the studies subjective measures of SES were positively correlated with magnitude of BTAE. Effects of objective measures (income and education) were weaker and less consistent. Measures of childhood SES (both objective and subjective) were positively correlated with BTAE magnitude, though less strongly and less consistently than measures of current subjective SES. Meta-analysis revealed all measures of chronic SES (with the exception of education) were significantly correlated with BTAE. However, manipulations of SES in terms of subjective status (Study 2), power (Study 3), and dominance (Study 4) did not have strong effects on BTAE magnitude (d's ranging from -0.04 to -0.14). Taken together the results suggest that chronic, but not temporary, status may be linked with a stronger tendency to overestimate one's abilities and positive traits.
在利用亚马逊的土耳其机器人 Turk 在网上开展的 5 项研究（总样本量 N = 1357）中，对社会经济地位（SES）与优于平均水平效应（BTAE）之间的关系进行了测试。在各项研究中，SES 的主观测量指标与 BTAE 的大小呈正相关。客观测量指标（收入和教育程度）的效应较弱且不太一致。童年 SES 的测量指标（包括客观和主观指标）与 BTAE 的大小呈正相关，不过其相关性不如当前主观 SES 的测量指标那么强且一致。元分析显示，慢性 SES 的所有测量指标（教育程度除外）均与 BTAE 显著相关。然而，在主观地位（研究 2）、权力（研究 3）和主导地位（研究 4）方面对 SES 进行的操控对 BTAE 的大小没有强烈影响（效应量 d 范围为 -0.04 至 -0.14）。综合来看，结果表明慢性而非暂时的地位可能与高估自身能力和积极特质的更强倾向相关。
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