Bertani André Luís, Garcia Thais, Tanni Suzana Erico, Godoy Irma
São Paulo State University, Botucatu School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil. Pulmonology Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.
São Paulo State University, Botucatu School of Medicine, Botucatu Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil. Botucatu Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.
J Bras Pneumol. 2015 Mar-Apr;41(2):175-81. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37132015000004482.
To examine the pattern of tobacco use and knowledge about tobacco-related diseases, as well as to identify popular types of electronic media, in pregnant women, in order to improve strategies for the prevention or cessation of smoking among such women.
A cross-sectional study involving 61 pregnant women, seen at primary care clinics and at a university hospital, in the city of Botucatu, Brazil. For all subjects, we applied the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. For subjects with a history of smoking, we also applied the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and we evaluated the level of motivation to quit smoking among the current smokers.
Of the 61 pregnant women evaluated, 25 (40.9%) were smokers (mean age, 26.4 ± 7.4 years), 24 (39.3%) were former smokers (26.4 ± 8.3 years), and 12 (19.8%) were never-smokers (25.1 ± 7.2 years). Thirty-nine women (63.9%) reported exposure to passive smoking. Of the 49 smokers/former smokers, 13 (26.5%) were aware of the pulmonary consequences of smoking; only 2 (4.1%) were aware of the cardiovascular risks; 23 (46.9%) believed that smoking does not harm the fetus or newborn infant; 21 (42.9%) drank alcohol during pregnancy; 18 (36.7%) reported increased cigarette consumption when drinking; 25 (51.0%) had smoked flavored cigarettes; and 12 (24.5%) had smoked a narghile. Among the 61 pregnant women evaluated, television was the most widely available and favorite form of electronic media (in 85.2%), as well as being the form most preferred (by 49.2%).
Among pregnant women, active smoking, passive smoking, and alternative forms of tobacco consumption appear to be highly prevalent, and such women seem to possess little knowledge about the consequences of tobacco use. Educational programs that include information about the consequences of all forms of tobacco use, employing new and effective formats tailored to this particular population, should be developed, in order to promote smoking prevention and cessation among pregnant women. Further samples to explore regional and cultural adaptations should be evaluated.
调查孕妇的烟草使用模式、对烟草相关疾病的认知情况，并确定流行的电子媒体类型，以改进针对此类女性预防或戒烟的策略。
在巴西博图卡图市的初级保健诊所和一家大学医院对61名孕妇进行横断面研究。对所有受试者应用医院焦虑抑郁量表。对于有吸烟史的受试者，还应用尼古丁依赖的法格斯特龙测试，并评估当前吸烟者的戒烟动机水平。
在评估的61名孕妇中，25名（40.9%）为吸烟者（平均年龄26.4±7.4岁），24名（39.3%）为既往吸烟者（26.4±8.3岁），12名（19.8%）为从不吸烟者（25.1±7.2岁）。39名女性（63.9%）报告曾接触过被动吸烟。在49名吸烟者/既往吸烟者中，13名（26.5%）知晓吸烟对肺部的影响；只有2名（4.1%）知晓心血管风险；23名（46.9%）认为吸烟不会伤害胎儿或新生儿；21名（42.9%）在孕期饮酒；18名（36.7%）报告饮酒时吸烟量增加；25名（51.0%）吸过调味香烟；12名（24.5%）吸食过水烟。在评估的61名孕妇中，电视是最普遍且最受欢迎的电子媒体形式（85.2%），也是最受青睐的形式（49.2%）。
在孕妇中，主动吸烟、被动吸烟和其他形式的烟草消费似乎非常普遍，而且此类女性似乎对烟草使用的后果知之甚少。应制定教育项目，包括关于所有形式烟草使用后果的信息，采用针对这一特定人群的新颖且有效的形式，以促进孕妇预防吸烟和戒烟。应评估更多样本以探索区域和文化适应性。
