Bright Charlotte Lyn, Jonson-Reid Melissa
Charlotte Lyn Bright is with the School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore. Melissa Jonson-Reid is with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
Am J Public Health. 2015 Jul;105(7):1358-64. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302508. Epub 2015 May 14.
We investigated patterns of childhood and adolescent experiences that correspond to later justice system entry, including persistence into adulthood, and explored whether timing of potential supports to the child or onset of family poverty, according to developmental periods and gender, would distinguish among latent classes.
We constructed a database containing records for 8587 youths from a Midwestern metropolitan region, born between 1982 and 1991, with outcomes. We used data from multiple publicly funded systems (child welfare, income maintenance, juvenile and criminal justice, mental health, Medicaid, vital statistics). We applied a latent class analysis and interpreted a 7-class model.
Classes with higher rates of offending persisting into adulthood were characterized by involvement with multiple publicly funded systems in childhood and adolescence, with the exception of 1 less-urban, predominantly female class that had similarly high system involvement coupled with lower rates of offending.
Poverty and maltreatment appear to play a critical role in offending trajectories. Identifying risk factors that cluster together may help program and intervention staff best target those most in need of more intensive intervention.
我们调查了与后期进入司法系统（包括持续到成年期）相对应的儿童和青少年经历模式，并探讨了根据发育阶段和性别，对儿童的潜在支持时机或家庭贫困的起始时间是否会在潜在类别之间有所区分。
我们构建了一个数据库，其中包含来自中西部大都市地区的8587名出生于1982年至1991年且有相关结果的青少年记录。我们使用了来自多个公共资助系统（儿童福利、收入维持、青少年和刑事司法、心理健康、医疗补助、人口统计）的数据。我们应用了潜在类别分析并解释了一个七类别模型。
成年后犯罪率持续较高的类别其特征是在儿童期和青少年期与多个公共资助系统有接触，但有一个城市化程度较低、以女性为主的类别除外，该类别虽系统接触程度同样较高，但犯罪率较低。
贫困和虐待似乎在犯罪轨迹中起着关键作用。识别聚集在一起的风险因素可能有助于项目和干预工作人员更好地针对那些最需要强化干预的人群。
