Gonzalez-Estrada Alexei, Radojicic Cristine
Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. E-mail:
Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA.
Cleve Clin J Med. 2015 May;82(5):295-300. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.82a.14111.
Penicillin allergy is the most commonly reported drug allergy in the United States. However, after undergoing a complete evaluation by a board-certified allergist, including skin testing, 90% of patients labeled as 'penicillin-allergic' are able to tolerate penicillin. Clinical presentation is key in classifying reactions as either mediated by or not mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE), and in determining which patients may benefit from penicillin skin testing, graded-dose challenge, or desensitization. Cross-reactivity between penicillin and other beta-lactams is less common than previously thought.
在美国，青霉素过敏是最常报告的药物过敏。然而，在经过包括皮肤测试在内的由委员会认证的过敏症专科医生进行的全面评估后，90%被标记为“青霉素过敏”的患者能够耐受青霉素。临床表现对于将反应分类为由免疫球蛋白E（IgE）介导或不由IgE介导，以及确定哪些患者可能从青霉素皮肤测试、分级剂量激发试验或脱敏中受益至关重要。青霉素与其他β-内酰胺类药物之间的交叉反应比以前认为的要少见。
