Sujiwattanarat Penporn, Thapana Watcharaporn, Srikulnath Kornsorn, Hirai Yuriko, Hirai Hirohisa, Koga Akihiko
1] Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama City 484-8506, Japan [2] Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Sci Rep. 2015 May 14;5:10315. doi: 10.1038/srep10315.
Centromeres usually contain large amounts of tandem repeat DNA. Alpha satellite DNA (AS) is the most abundant tandem repeat DNA found in the centromeres of simian primates. The AS of humans contains sequences organized into higher-order repeat (HOR) structures, which are tandem arrays of larger repeat units consisting of multiple basic repeat units. HOR-carrying AS also occurs in other hominoids, but results reported to date for phylogenetically more remote taxa have been negative. Here we show direct evidence for clear HOR structures in AS of the owl monkey and common marmoset. These monkeys are New World monkey species that are located phylogenetically outside of hominoids. It is currently postulated that the presence of HOR structures in AS is unique to hominoids. Our results suggest that this view must be modified. A plausible explanation is that generation of HOR structures is a general event that occurs occasionally or frequently in primate centromeres, and that, in humans, HOR-carrying AS became predominant in the central region of the centromere. It is often difficult to assemble sequence reads of tandem repeat DNAs into accurate contig sequences; our careful sequencing strategy allowed us to overcome this problem.
着丝粒通常含有大量串联重复DNA。α卫星DNA（AS）是在猿猴灵长类动物着丝粒中发现的最丰富的串联重复DNA。人类的AS包含组织成高阶重复（HOR）结构的序列，这些结构是由多个基本重复单元组成的较大重复单元的串联阵列。携带HOR的AS也存在于其他类人猿中，但迄今为止报道的系统发育关系更远的分类群的结果均为阴性。在这里，我们展示了夜猴和普通狨猴AS中清晰的HOR结构的直接证据。这些猴子是新世界猴物种，在系统发育上位于类人猿之外。目前推测，AS中HOR结构的存在是类人猿特有的。我们的结果表明，这一观点必须修正。一个合理的解释是，HOR结构的产生是一个在灵长类动物着丝粒中偶尔或频繁发生的普遍事件，并且在人类中，携带HOR的AS在着丝粒的中心区域占主导地位。将串联重复DNA的序列读数组装成准确的重叠群序列通常很困难；我们谨慎的测序策略使我们能够克服这个问题。
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