[Clinical characteristics of adult influenza inpatients in ten provinces in China and analysis of severe risk factors].

OBJECTIVE

To identity the clinical characteristics and severe case risk factors for the adult inpatient cases confirmed of influenza monitored by the sentinel surveillance system for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) inpatient cases in ten provinces in China.

METHODS

Epidemiology and clinical information surveys were conducted for adult cases (≥ 15 year old) consistent with SARI case definition, who were monitored by SARI sentinel hospitals in ten cities in China from December 2009 to June 2014, with their respiratory tract specimens collected for influenza RNA detection. Adult SARI cases were classified into influenza inpatient group and outpatient group by the detection outcomes, analyzing their demographic information, clinical and epidemiology characteristics respectively, in addition to risk factors for severe inpatient cases.

RESULTS

3 071 adult SARI cases were recruited from ten hospitals, including 240 (7.8%) cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza, most of them being A (H1N1) pdm2009 and A (H3N2) sub-types. Age M of the included influenza cases was 63 year old, 47.1% of them being ≥ 65 seniors. 144 (60.0%) cases of the influenza inpatients suffered from at least one chronic underlying condition, and the proportion of emphysema (7.9%) was higher than non-influenza inpatient cases (3.8%), being statistically significant (χ(2) = 3.963, P = 0.047). 19.4% of the women of childbearing age infected of influenza were in pregnancy, and only 1.1% of the 240 influenza cases had been vaccinated against influenza. The proportion of sore throat and dyspnea found among influenza inpatients was higher than inpatients without influenza. 17.4% of the influenza cases were accepted into ICU for treatment, with no statistical significance with non-influenza inpatient cases (P = 0.160). 23.1% of the influenza inpatients received an antiviral drug therapy, a figure higher than the non-influenza inpatient cases (4.8%) (P < 0.001). 41.5% of the inpatients developed complications, with the proportion of viral pneumonia significantly higher than the non-influenza inpatient cases (P < 0.001). Asthma (RR = 15.200, 95% CI: 1.157-199.633), immunosuppressive diseases (RR = 5.250, 95% CI: 1.255-21.960), pregnancy (RR = 21.000, 95% CI: 1.734-254.275), time interval from onset to admission less 7 days (RR = 1.673, 95% CI: 1.071-2.614) were identified as risk factors of severely-ill influenza cases.

CONCLUSION

It was found that adult influenza inpatients were mostly ≥ 65 year old seniors. The influenza vaccination rate among the influenza cases was very low, and antivirus drugs were used less than necessary. In this regard, influenza vaccination was recommended for high risk groups of pregnant women, seniors and chronic disease patients on annual basis, while influenza inpatients were advised to use antiviral drugs as early as possible.