Beshai Shadi, Prentice Jennifer L, Swan Jennifer L, Dobson Keith S
a University of Calgary.
J Psychol. 2015;149(5):498-516. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2014.907232. Epub 2014 May 15.
The cognitive model of depression posits that depressed individuals harbor more dysfunctional self-referent attitudes, but little is known about how depressed individuals perceive the attitudes and perceptions of others in their social arena. This study examined whether dysphoric individuals perceive others to hold equally negative attitudes about themselves, and whether such perceptions depend on sociotropic (i.e., highly invested in social approval and relationship success) and autonomous (i.e., highly invested in vocational or academic achievement and goal attainment) personality styles. A sample of undergraduate students (N = 197) was recruited, and after the assessment of their depression symptoms and personality style, participants read vignettes that described negative scenarios, and imagined that these scenarios occurred to themselves or the general university student. After reading each vignette, participants also rated their agreement with a number of statements that assessed dysfunctional attitudes. Results indicated that elevated dysphoria (i.e., showing signs of depression) scores were positively associated with dysfunctional self-referent attitudes. Further, moderational analyses examining the interaction of sociotropy and dysphoria did not support the hypothesis that individuals higher on dysphoria and sociotropy were less likely to perceive others as harboring negative attitudes about themselves in comparison to those with elevated dysphoria and lower levels of sociotropy. Last, individuals showing elevated dysphoria and higher scores on subdomains of autonomy were more likely to perceive others as exhibiting negative attitudes about themselves than those with low levels of the trait. These findings, their implications, and strengths and limitations of the current investigation are further discussed.
抑郁症的认知模型认为，抑郁的个体持有更多功能失调的自我参照态度，但对于抑郁个体如何看待社交圈子中他人的态度和看法却知之甚少。本研究考察了烦躁不安的个体是否认为他人对自己持有同样负面的态度，以及这种看法是否取决于社会取向型（即高度关注社会认可和人际关系成功）和自主型（即高度关注职业或学业成就以及目标达成）的人格类型。招募了一组本科生样本（N = 197），在评估他们的抑郁症状和人格类型后，参与者阅读描述负面情景的短文，并想象这些情景发生在自己或一般大学生身上。阅读每篇短文后，参与者还对一系列评估功能失调态度的陈述表示同意程度进行评分。结果表明，烦躁不安程度升高（即表现出抑郁迹象）的得分与功能失调的自我参照态度呈正相关。此外，考察社会取向型和烦躁不安程度相互作用的调节分析并不支持这样的假设：与烦躁不安程度高且社会取向型程度低的个体相比，烦躁不安程度高且社会取向型程度高的个体不太可能认为他人对自己持有负面态度。最后，与该特质水平低的个体相比，烦躁不安程度升高且在自主性子领域得分较高的个体更有可能认为他人对自己表现出负面态度。本文将进一步讨论这些发现、其意义以及当前调查的优点和局限性。
