Cevik Guner Umran, Celebioglu Ayda
a Department of Nursing , Tokat Health College, Gaziosmanpasa University , Tokat , Turkey and.
J Asthma. 2015 Oct;52(8):858-65. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1010732. Epub 2015 May 15.
The study was conducted to examine the effect of a training program provided to asthmatic children/adolescents on disease course and self-efficacy.
This prospective study consisted of both experimental and control subjects. The study population was composed of children/adolescents aged 10-18 years, who presented at Health Centers within Tokat province with asthma and who were currently using inhaler treatments. The study sample included 40 patients each in both the control and experimental groups. Asthmatic Child Information Form, Disease Evaluation Form, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Evaluation Form and an Asthmatic Child/Adolescent Self-Efficacy Scale were used to collect data on research outcomes. Data were statistically analyzed with paired sample t-test, McNemar's test, independent samples t-test.
A significant increase in mean self-efficacy score was observed in the experimental group following training sessions. The experimental training was also associated with a reduction in asthma symptoms, less limitations to daily function and fewer attacks following physical activity relative to the control subjects. The children/adolescents in the experimental group were more conscious of the symptoms of asthma attacks and used preventive and rescue medications regularly, and reported fewer absences from school and fewer emergency room visits (p < 0.05). The average peak expiratory flow rate was 62.5% in the experimental group. After training, there were significant decreases in the number of attacks and the need of increasing inhaler doses in the experimental group.
The study results show that the training program is effective in increasing self-efficacy and improving asthma symptoms among children/adolescents. Nurses should offer the training program to support children/adolescents during asthma attacks, and encourage the development of self-efficacy.
本研究旨在探讨为哮喘儿童/青少年提供的培训项目对疾病进程和自我效能的影响。
这项前瞻性研究包括实验组和对照组。研究对象为10至18岁的儿童/青少年，他们在托卡特省的健康中心就诊，患有哮喘且目前正在使用吸入器治疗。研究样本包括对照组和实验组各40名患者。使用哮喘儿童信息表、疾病评估表、呼气峰值流速评估表和哮喘儿童/青少年自我效能量表收集研究结果的数据。数据采用配对样本t检验、麦克尼马尔检验、独立样本t检验进行统计学分析。
实验组在培训课程后平均自我效能得分显著提高。与对照组相比，实验性培训还与哮喘症状减轻、日常功能受限减少以及体育活动后发作次数减少有关。实验组的儿童/青少年对哮喘发作症状更有意识，定期使用预防和急救药物，并且报告缺课次数和急诊就诊次数更少（p < 0.05）。实验组的平均呼气峰值流速为62.5%。培训后，实验组的发作次数和增加吸入器剂量的需求显著减少。
研究结果表明，该培训项目在提高儿童/青少年的自我效能和改善哮喘症状方面是有效的。护士应提供该培训项目，以在哮喘发作期间支持儿童/青少年，并鼓励自我效能的发展。
