Mallett Christopher A, Boitel Craig
a School of Social Work, Cleveland State University , Cleveland , Ohio , USA.
J Evid Inf Soc Work. 2016;13(2):155-64. doi: 10.1080/23761407.2015.1013367. Epub 2015 May 15.
Hundreds of thousands of youth are held every year in U.S. juvenile justice detention centers and incarceration facilities. Increasingly it is known that these facility placements are at best ineffective and at worst lead to additional youth recidivism outcomes. What is most concerning, though, is that a majority of these incarcerated youth have one or more mental health/substance abuse disorders, special education disabilities, or maltreatment victimization histories-comorbid situations that negatively impact their involvement with the juvenile courts. In this article the authors summarize the epidemiology of these youth problems within the juvenile justice system. The authors then compare the outcome evidence for the youth placed in juvenile justice facilities with those placed in residential treatment centers, finding significant advantages to addressing the problems through rehabilitative efforts. Recognizing that there are a small number of serious youthful offenders who will need placement, their analysis finds that the juvenile courts must continue (or in many instances begin) reshaping their detention and incarceration facilities reliance on punishment toward a rehabilitative residential model.
每年在美国的少年司法拘留中心和监禁设施中关押着成千上万的青少年。人们越来越清楚地认识到，这些设施安置方式往好里说是无效的，往坏里说则会导致青少年再次犯罪的情况增加。然而，最令人担忧的是，这些被监禁的青少年中，大多数人患有一种或多种心理健康/药物滥用障碍、有特殊教育残疾或有受虐待的受害经历——这些共病情况会对他们与少年法庭的接触产生负面影响。在本文中，作者总结了少年司法系统中这些青少年问题的流行病学情况。然后，作者将安置在少年司法设施中的青少年与安置在寄宿治疗中心的青少年的结果证据进行了比较，发现通过康复努力来解决这些问题有显著优势。认识到有一小部分严重的青少年罪犯需要安置，他们的分析发现，少年法庭必须继续（或在许多情况下开始）重塑其拘留和监禁设施，从依赖惩罚转向康复性寄宿模式。
