Congenital arteriovenous malformation of the scalp with high output cardiac failure: a case report.

A 19-year-old man was diagnosed with a rapidly enlarging arteriovenous malformation of the scalp and a mild degree of cardiomegaly. Operation to excise the large fistula took place under general anesthesia. Both external carotid arteries and their branches were controlled to prevent intraoperative hemorrhage, and dissection took place down to the periosteum. A split skin graft from the thigh was applied to the scalp defect. The patient recovered well with no further evidence of dyspnea or high output cardiac failure.