a School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Sep 9;56(12):2036-52. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2013.811212.
Emerging evidence strongly suggests that dietary nitrate, derived in the diet primarily from vegetables, could contribute to cardiovascular health via effects on nitric oxide (NO) status. NO plays an essential role in cardiovascular health. It is produced via the classical L-arginine-NO-synthase pathway and the recently discovered enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The discovery of this alternate pathway has highlighted dietary nitrate as a candidate for the cardioprotective effect of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Clinical trials with dietary nitrate have observed improvements in blood pressure, endothelial function, ischemia-reperfusion injury, arterial stiffness, platelet function, and exercise performance with a concomitant augmentation of markers of NO status. While these results are indicative of cardiovascular benefits with dietary nitrate intake, there is still a lingering concern about nitrate in relation to methemoglobinemia, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. It is the purpose of this review to present an overview of NO and its critical role in cardiovascular health; to detail the observed vascular benefits of dietary nitrate intake through effects on NO status as well as to discuss the controversy surrounding the possible toxic effects of nitrate.
新出现的证据强烈表明，膳食硝酸盐主要来源于蔬菜，通过对一氧化氮（NO）状态的影响，可能有助于心血管健康。NO 在心血管健康中起着至关重要的作用。它是通过经典的 L-精氨酸-NO 合酶途径和最近发现的肠唾液硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐-NO 途径产生的。这条替代途径的发现强调了膳食硝酸盐作为富含水果和蔬菜的饮食的心脏保护作用的候选物。用膳食硝酸盐进行的临床试验观察到血压、内皮功能、缺血再灌注损伤、动脉僵硬、血小板功能和运动表现的改善，同时伴有 NO 状态标志物的增强。虽然这些结果表明膳食硝酸盐摄入对心血管有益，但人们仍然对硝酸盐与高铁血红蛋白血症、癌症和心血管疾病的关系存在担忧。本综述的目的是概述 NO 及其在心血管健康中的关键作用；详细说明通过对 NO 状态的影响观察到的膳食硝酸盐摄入对血管的益处，并讨论硝酸盐可能产生的毒性作用的争议。
