Science Division, Department of Environment, GPO Box 787, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Nov 15;534:131-43. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.113. Epub 2015 May 12.
Phylodiversity measures summarise the phylogenetic diversity patterns of groups of organisms. By using branches of the tree of life, rather than its tips (e.g., species), phylodiversity measures provide important additional information about biodiversity that can improve conservation policy and outcomes. As a biodiverse nation with a strong legislative and policy framework, Australia provides an opportunity to use phylogenetic information to inform conservation decision-making. We explored the application of phylodiversity measures across Australia with a focus on two highly biodiverse regions, the south west of Western Australia (SWWA) and the South East Queensland bioregion (SEQ). We analysed seven diverse groups of organisms spanning five separate phyla on the evolutionary tree of life, the plant genera Acacia and Daviesia, mammals, hylid frogs, myobatrachid frogs, passerine birds, and camaenid land snails. We measured species richness, weighted species endemism (WE) and two phylodiversity measures, phylogenetic diversity (PD) and phylogenetic endemism (PE), as well as their respective complementarity scores (a measure of gains and losses) at 20 km resolution. Higher PD was identified within SEQ for all fauna groups, whereas more PD was found in SWWA for both plant groups. PD and PD complementarity were strongly correlated with species richness and species complementarity for most groups but less so for plants. PD and PE were found to complement traditional species-based measures for all groups studied: PD and PE follow similar spatial patterns to richness and WE, but highlighted different areas that would not be identified by conventional species-based biodiversity analyses alone. The application of phylodiversity measures, particularly the novel weighted complementary measures considered here, in conservation can enhance protection of the evolutionary history that contributes to present day biodiversity values of areas. Phylogenetic measures in conservation can include important elements of biodiversity in conservation planning, such as evolutionary potential and feature diversity that will improve decision-making and lead to better biodiversity conservation outcomes.
生物多样性测度总结了生物群的系统发育多样性模式。通过使用生命之树的分支而不是其末端（例如，物种），生物多样性测度提供了有关生物多样性的重要补充信息，可以改善保护政策和结果。作为一个生物多样性丰富、立法和政策框架强大的国家，澳大利亚提供了一个机会，可以利用系统发育信息为保护决策提供信息。我们探讨了在澳大利亚应用生物多样性测度的情况，重点关注两个生物多样性非常丰富的地区，即西澳大利亚州西南部（SWWA）和昆士兰州东南部生物区（SEQ）。我们分析了跨越生命之树五个独立门的七个不同生物类群的生物多样性测度，包括植物属金合欢属和 Daviesia、哺乳动物、树蛙、蟾科蛙、雀形目鸟类和蜗牛科陆螺。我们以 20 公里的分辨率测量了物种丰富度、加权物种特有性（WE）以及两种生物多样性测度，即系统发育多样性（PD）和系统发育特有性（PE），以及它们各自的互补性得分（衡量增益和损失）。对于所有动物群，SEQ 内的 PD 较高，而对于两个植物群，SWWA 内的 PD 较高。PD 和 PD 互补性与大多数群体的物种丰富度和物种互补性高度相关，但与植物的相关性较小。对于所有研究的群体，PD 和 PE 被发现与传统的基于物种的措施互补：PD 和 PE 与丰富度和 WE 具有相似的空间模式，但突出了仅通过传统的基于物种的生物多样性分析无法识别的不同区域。在保护中应用生物多样性测度，特别是这里考虑的新型加权互补测度，可以增强对有助于当前生物多样性价值的区域的进化历史的保护。保护中的系统发育措施可以包括保护规划中生物多样性的重要组成部分，例如进化潜力和特征多样性，这将改善决策并导致更好的生物多样性保护结果。
