Nagy Tamás, van Lien René, Willemsen Gonneke, Proctor Gordon, Efting Marieke, Fülöp Márta, Bárdos György, Veerman Enno C I, Bosch Jos A
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Doctoral School of Psychology, Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella u. 46, 1064, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Biol Psychol. 2015 Jul;109:111-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.04.012. Epub 2015 May 12.
Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is used as a sympathetic (SNS) stress marker, though its release is likely co-determined by SNS and parasympathetic (PNS) activation. The SNS and PNS show asynchronous changes during acute stressors, and sAA responses may thus vary with sample timing. Thirty-four participants underwent an eight-minute memory task (MT) and cold pressor task (CPT). Cardiovascular SNS (pre-ejection period, blood pressure) and PNS (heart rate variability) activity were monitored continuously. Unstimulated saliva was collected repeatedly during and after each laboratory stressor, and sAA concentration (U/ml) and secretion (U/minute) determined. Both stressors increased anxiety. The MT caused an immediate and continued cardiac SNS activation, but sAA concentration increased at task cessation only (+54%); i.e., when there was SNS-PNS co-activation. During the MT sAA secretion even decreased (-35%) in conjunction with flow rate and vagal tone. The CPT robustly increased blood pressure but not sAA. In summary, sAA fluctuations did not parallel changes in cardiac SNS activity or anxiety. sAA responses seem contingent on sample timing and flow rate, likely involving both SNS and PNS influences. Verification using other stressors and contexts seems warranted.
唾液α淀粉酶（sAA）被用作交感神经（SNS）应激标志物，尽管其释放可能由SNS和副交感神经（PNS）激活共同决定。在急性应激源作用期间，SNS和PNS呈现异步变化，因此sAA反应可能随样本采集时间而变化。34名参与者接受了一项8分钟的记忆任务（MT）和冷加压任务（CPT）。持续监测心血管SNS（射血前期、血压）和PNS（心率变异性）活动。在每个实验室应激源期间及之后反复收集未刺激唾液，并测定sAA浓度（U/ml）和分泌量（U/分钟）。两种应激源均增加了焦虑情绪。MT导致心脏SNS立即且持续激活，但sAA浓度仅在任务停止时增加（+54%）；即，当存在SNS-PNS共同激活时。在MT期间，sAA分泌甚至随流速和迷走神经张力降低（-35%）。CPT显著升高了血压，但未升高sAA。总之，sAA波动与心脏SNS活动或焦虑情绪的变化并不平行。sAA反应似乎取决于样本采集时间和流速，可能涉及SNS和PNS的双重影响。使用其他应激源和情境进行验证似乎是必要的。
