Schembari Anna, de Hoogh Kees, Pedersen Marie, Dadvand Payam, Martinez David, Hoek Gerard, Petherick Emily S, Wright John, Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J
Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Health Perspect. 2015 Nov;123(11):1208-15. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408675. Epub 2015 May 15.
Exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with reduced size of newborns; however, the modifying effect of maternal ethnicity remains little explored among South Asians.
We investigated ethnic differences in the association between ambient air pollution and newborn's size.
Pregnant women were recruited between 2007 and 2010 for the Born in Bradford cohort study, in England. Exposures to particulate matter (≤ 10 μm, PM10; ≤ 2.5 μm, PM2.5), PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides (NOx, NO2) were estimated using land-use regressions models. Using multivariate linear regression models, we evaluated effect modification by maternal ethnicity ("white British" or "Pakistani origin," self-reported) on the associations of air pollution and birth weight, head circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness.
A 5-μg/m3 increase in mean third trimester PM2.5 was associated with significantly lower birth weight and smaller head circumference in children of white British mothers (-43 g; 95% CI: -76, -10 and -0.28 cm; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.17, respectively), but not in children of Pakistani origin (9 g; 95% CI: -17, 35 and -0.08 cm; 95% CI: -0.17, 0.01, respectively) (p(int) = 0.03 and < 0.001). In contrast, PM2.5 was associated with significantly larger triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses in children of Pakistani origin (0.17 mm; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.25 and 0.21 mm; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.29, respectively), but not in white British children (-0.02 mm; 95% CI: -0.14, 0.01 and 0.06 mm; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.18, respectively) (p(int) = 0.06 and 0.11). Patterns of associations for PM10 and PM2.5 absorbance according to ethnicity were similar to those for PM2.5, but associations of the outcomes with NO2 and NOx were mostly nonsignificant in both ethnic groups.
Our results suggest that associations of ambient PM exposures with newborn size and adiposity differ between white British and Pakistani origin infants.
Schembari A, de Hoogh K, Pedersen M, Dadvand P, Martinez D, Hoek G, Petherick ES, Wright J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. 2015. Ambient air pollution and newborn size and adiposity at birth: differences by maternal ethnicity (the Born in Bradford study cohort). Environ Health Perspect 123:1208-1215; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408675.
暴露于环境空气污染与新生儿体型减小有关；然而，南亚人群中母亲种族的调节作用仍鲜少被探究。
我们调查了环境空气污染与新生儿体型之间关联的种族差异。
2007年至2010年间，在英国布拉德福德出生队列研究中招募孕妇。使用土地利用回归模型估算颗粒物（≤10μm，PM10；≤2.5μm，PM2.5）、PM2.5吸光度和氮氧化物（NOx、NO2）的暴露量。我们使用多元线性回归模型，评估母亲种族（“英国白人”或“巴基斯坦裔”，自我报告）对空气污染与出生体重、头围、肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度之间关联的效应修正。
孕晚期平均PM2.5每增加5μg/m3，英国白人母亲的孩子出生体重显著降低，头围减小（分别为-43g；95%置信区间：-76，-10和-0.28cm；95%置信区间：-0.39，-0.17），但巴基斯坦裔母亲的孩子则不然（分别为9g；95%置信区间：-17，35和-0.08cm；95%置信区间：-0.17，0.01）（交互作用p值分别为0.03和<0.001）。相反，PM2.5与巴基斯坦裔母亲的孩子肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度显著增加有关（分别为0.17mm；95%置信区间：0.08，0.25和0.21mm；95%置信区间：0.12，0.29），但英国白人母亲的孩子则不然（分别为-0.02mm；95%置信区间：-0.14，0.01和0.06mm；95%置信区间：-0.06，0.18）（交互作用p值分别为0.06和0.11）。根据种族划分，PM10和PM2.5吸光度的关联模式与PM2.5相似，但两组中两种污染物与出生体重、头围、肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度之间的关联大多不显著。
我们的结果表明，英国白人和巴基斯坦裔婴儿在环境PM暴露与新生儿体型和肥胖之间的关联存在差异。
Schembari A, de Hoogh K, Pedersen M, Dadvand P, Martinez D, Hoek G, Petherick ES, Wright J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. 2015. Ambient air pollution and newborn size and adiposity at birth: differences by maternal ethnicity (the Born in Bradford study cohort). Environ Health Perspect 123:1208-1215; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408675.
