California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Air Pollution Epidemiology Section, Oakland, CA, USA.
School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Environ Res. 2014 Jan;128:42-51. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.10.008. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
Relationships between prenatal exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and birth weight have been observed previously. Few studies have investigated specific constituents of PM2.5, which may identify sources and major contributors of risk. We examined the effects of trimester and full gestational prenatal exposures to PM2.5 mass and 23 PM2.5 constituents on birth weight among 646,296 term births in California between 2000 and 2006. We used linear and logistic regression models to assess associations between exposures and birth weight and risk of low birth weight (LBW; <2500g), respectively. Models were adjusted for individual demographic characteristics, apparent temperature, month and year of birth, region, and socioeconomic indicators. Higher full gestational exposures to PM2.5 mass and several PM2.5 constituents were significantly associated with reductions in term birth weight. The largest reductions in birth weight were associated with exposure to vanadium, sulfur, sulfate, iron, elemental carbon, titanium, manganese, bromine, ammonium, zinc, and copper. Several of these PM2.5 constituents were associated with increased risk of term LBW. Reductions in birth weight were generally larger among younger mothers and varied by race/ethnicity. Exposure to specific constituents of PM2.5, especially traffic-related particles, sulfur constituents, and metals, were associated with decreased birth weight in California.
先前已有研究观察到产前暴露于细颗粒物（PM2.5）与出生体重之间的关系。少数研究调查了 PM2.5 的特定成分，这可能有助于确定风险的来源和主要因素。我们研究了 2000 年至 2006 年期间加利福尼亚州 646,296 例足月分娩中，孕期三个阶段和整个孕期暴露于 PM2.5 质量和 23 种 PM2.5 成分与出生体重之间的关系。我们使用线性和逻辑回归模型分别评估了暴露与出生体重和低出生体重（LBW；<2500g）风险之间的关联。模型调整了个体人口统计学特征、表观温度、出生月份和年份、地区和社会经济指标。较高的整个孕期 PM2.5 质量和几种 PM2.5 成分暴露与足月出生体重降低显著相关。与暴露于钒、硫、硫酸盐、铁、元素碳、钛、锰、溴、铵、锌和铜相关的出生体重降低最大。这些 PM2.5 成分中的几种与足月 LBW 的风险增加有关。出生体重的降低在较年轻的母亲中通常更大，并且因种族/民族而异。暴露于 PM2.5 的特定成分，尤其是与交通相关的颗粒、硫成分和金属，与加利福尼亚出生体重降低有关。
