Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (UGR-CSIC), Avda. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (UGR-CSIC), Avda. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2015 Aug 1;158:95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.017. Epub 2015 May 13.
An approach was devised for revegetation of a mining dump soil, sited in a semiarid region, with basic pH as well as Fe and Mn enrichment. A field experiment was conducted involving the use of co-compost (a mixture of urban sewage sludge and plant remains) along with a commercial biofertilizer (a gel suspension which contains arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus) to reinforce the benefits of the former. Four treatments were studied: unamended soil; application of conditioners separately and in combination. Pistachio, caper, rosemary, thyme and juniper were planted. We evaluated the effects of the treatments using soil quality (physicochemical properties, total content of hazardous elements, nutrient availability, microbial biomass and enzyme activities) and plant establishment indicators (survival, growth, vigor, nutrient content in leaves, nutrient balances and mycorrhizal root colonization). Thyme and juniper did not show a suitable survival rate (<50%) whereas 70-100% of the pistachio, rosemary and caper survived for at least 27 months. In unamended soil, plant growth was severely hampered by P, N, K and Zn deficiencies as well as Fe and Mn excess. Overall, the treatments affected the soil and plant indicators as follows: biofertilizer + co-compost > co-compost > biofertilizer > unamended. The application of co-compost was therefore essential with regard to improving soil fertility; furthermore, it increased leaf N and P content, whereas leaf Fe and Mn concentrations showed a decrease. The combined treatment, however, provided the best results. The positive interaction between the two soil conditioners might be related to the capacity of the biofertilizer to increase nutrient uptake from the composted residue, and to protect plants against Fe and Mn toxicity.
提出了一种在半干旱地区碱性土壤上对矿山排土场进行植被恢复的方法，该地区土壤铁锰含量较高。进行了一项田间试验，涉及使用共堆肥（城市污水污泥和植物残体的混合物）以及商业生物肥料（一种含有丛枝菌根真菌的凝胶悬浮液）来增强前者的效果。研究了四种处理方法：未处理的土壤；单独和组合使用调节剂。种植了开心果、刺山柑、迷迭香、百里香和杜松。我们使用土壤质量（理化性质、有害元素总含量、养分有效性、微生物生物量和酶活性）和植物定植指标（存活率、生长、活力、叶片养分含量、养分平衡和菌根根定植）来评估处理方法的效果。百里香和杜松的存活率没有达到合适的水平（<50%），而 70-100%的开心果、迷迭香和刺山柑至少存活了 27 个月。在未处理的土壤中，植物生长受到 P、N、K 和 Zn 缺乏以及 Fe 和 Mn 过量的严重阻碍。总的来说，处理方法对土壤和植物指标的影响如下：生物肥料+共堆肥>共堆肥>生物肥料>未处理。因此，施用共堆肥对于改善土壤肥力是必不可少的；此外，它增加了叶片的氮和磷含量，而叶片的铁和锰浓度则有所下降。然而，联合处理提供了最好的结果。两种土壤调节剂之间的积极相互作用可能与生物肥料提高对堆肥残渣中养分的吸收能力以及保护植物免受铁和锰毒性的能力有关。
