Georgopoulos Rachel, Liu Jeffrey C
Department of Otolaryngology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3440 North Broad Street, Kresge West 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3440 North Broad Street, Kresge West 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Head and Neck Section, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2015 Jul;24(3):409-21. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2015.03.003. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
Head and neck cancer typically refers to epithelial malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract and may include neoplasms of the thyroid, salivary glands, and soft tissue, bone sarcomas, and skin cancers. Two-thirds of patients present with advanced disease involving regional lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis. A thorough history and detailed examination are integral to oncologic staging and treatment planning. This article begins with an overview of the head and neck examination (with special attention to detailed findings with clinical implications), followed by a discussion of the major head and neck subsites, and clinical pearls surrounding the examination.
头颈癌通常指上呼吸消化道的上皮恶性肿瘤，可能包括甲状腺、唾液腺和软组织的肿瘤、骨肉瘤以及皮肤癌。三分之二的患者在诊断时已出现累及区域淋巴结的晚期疾病。全面的病史和详细的检查对于肿瘤分期和治疗规划至关重要。本文首先概述头颈检查（特别关注具有临床意义的详细检查结果），接着讨论主要的头颈亚部位以及检查相关的临床要点。
