Ellison M D, Campbell B H
Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 1999 Oct;8(4):725-34, vii.
More than 90% of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers occur in people with specific lifestyle risks, including tobacco and alcohol use. More than 90% of tumors occur in easily examined parts of the head and neck, therefore, there is the possibility of identifying the vast majority of patients through selective screening. Physicians should keep in mind that the mucosa's sojourn from visually suspicious (and possibly malignant) tissue is most likely less than two years, and frequent examination of asymptomatic patients is necessary. When patients wait to bring symptoms to medical attention, their cancers will be advanced 60% of the time when the chance of cure is less than 30%. Given the difficulty of implementing regular examinations in a poorly compliant, high risk population, genetic and molecular screening tools may allow very high risk individuals to be identified.
超过90%的上消化道（UADT）癌症发生在有特定生活方式风险的人群中，包括吸烟和饮酒。超过90%的肿瘤发生在头颈部易于检查的部位，因此，通过选择性筛查有可能识别出绝大多数患者。医生应牢记，从视觉上可疑（可能为恶性）组织发展而来的黏膜病变很可能不到两年，因此有必要对无症状患者进行定期检查。当患者等到出现症状才就医时，60%的情况下其癌症已处于晚期，此时治愈的几率不到30%。鉴于在依从性差的高风险人群中进行定期检查存在困难，基因和分子筛查工具可能有助于识别极高风险个体。
