Platt Laura, Powers Laurie, Leotti Sandra, Hughes Rosemary B, Robinson-Whelen Susan, Osburn Sherri, Ashkenazy Elesia, Beers Leanne, Lund Emily M, Nicolaidis Christina
Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Portland State University, OR, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2017 Jan;32(1):101-129. doi: 10.1177/0886260515585534. Epub 2015 May 14.
Violence against people with developmental disabilities is a highly prevalent yet understudied phenomenon. In particular, there is a paucity of literature surrounding the role of gender and the experiences of men. Using a cross-sectional study design, we surveyed 350 people with diverse developmental disabilities about experiences of abuse, perpetrators of abuse, and their physical and mental health status. These data were analyzed to determine whether gender influenced these domains. Statistical methods included chi-square, independent t tests, logistic regression, and hierarchical multiple regressions. Male and female participants reported abuse at high rates, with 61.9% of men and 58.2% of women reporting abuse as children and 63.7% of men and 68.2% of women reporting abuse as adults. More women than men reported adult sexual abuse, but there was no gender difference in the prevalence of any other form of abuse. Women were more likely than men to identify an intimate partner as their abuser, although intimate partners represented the minority of abusers for both men and women. Violence was associated with worse health status regardless of participant gender. These findings confirm that violence is an important issue for both men and women with developmental disabilities. Although some expected gender differences arose, such as higher rates of adult sexual abuse and intimate partner violence against women, these differences were less pronounced than they are in the general population, and the overall picture of abuse was one of gender similarities rather than differences.
针对发育障碍者的暴力行为是一种普遍存在但研究不足的现象。特别是，关于性别角色和男性经历的文献很少。我们采用横断面研究设计，对350名患有不同发育障碍的人进行了调查，了解他们的受虐经历、施虐者以及他们的身心健康状况。对这些数据进行分析，以确定性别是否会影响这些方面。统计方法包括卡方检验、独立t检验、逻辑回归和分层多元回归。男性和女性参与者报告受虐率都很高，61.9%的男性和58.2%的女性报告在儿童时期受过虐待，63.7%的男性和68.2%的女性报告在成年后受过虐待。报告成年后遭受性虐待的女性比男性多，但在任何其他形式的虐待发生率上没有性别差异。女性比男性更有可能将亲密伴侣视为施虐者，尽管亲密伴侣在男性和女性的施虐者中都占少数。无论参与者性别如何，暴力都与更差的健康状况相关。这些发现证实，暴力行为对于患有发育障碍的男性和女性来说都是一个重要问题。虽然出现了一些预期的性别差异，比如成年后遭受性虐待以及亲密伴侣对女性实施暴力的比例较高，但这些差异并不像在普通人群中那么明显，而且总体受虐情况是性别相似而非有差异。
