Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd., West Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1M8, Canada.
Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd., West Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1M8, Canada.
J Environ Manage. 2015 Aug 1;158:146-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.010. Epub 2015 May 13.
Pulp-and-paper mills produce various types of contaminants and a significant amount of wastewater depending on the type of processes used in the plant. Since the generated wastewaters can be potentially polluting and very dangerous, they should be treated in wastewater treatment plants before being released to the environment. This paper reviews different wastewater treatment processes used in the pulp-and-paper industry and compares them with respect to their contaminant removal efficiencies and the extent of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. It also evaluates the impact of operating parameters on the performance of different treatment processes. Two mathematical models were used to estimate GHG emission in common biological treatment processes used in the pulp-and-paper industry. Nutrient removal processes and sludge treatment are discussed and their associated GHG emissions are calculated. Although both aerobic and anaerobic biological processes are appropriate for wastewater treatment, their combination known as hybrid processes showed a better contaminant removal capacity at higher efficiencies under optimized operating conditions with reduced GHG emission and energy costs.
制浆造纸厂会根据工厂使用的工艺类型，产生各种类型的污染物和大量废水。由于产生的废水可能具有潜在的污染性和极大的危险性，因此在排放到环境中之前，应在废水处理厂进行处理。本文综述了制浆造纸工业中使用的不同废水处理工艺，并就其污染物去除效率和温室气体（GHG）排放程度进行了比较。还评估了操作参数对不同处理工艺性能的影响。使用了两种数学模型来估算制浆造纸工业常用生物处理工艺中的 GHG 排放。讨论了营养物质去除工艺和污泥处理，并计算了它们的相关 GHG 排放。虽然好氧和厌氧生物过程都适用于废水处理，但在优化操作条件下，它们的组合（称为混合工艺）显示出更好的污染物去除能力，效率更高，GHG 排放和能源成本更低。
