前哥伦布时期加勒比地区房屋建造中的复原力：考古学与人道主义避难所之间的对话

Resilience in Pre-Columbian Caribbean House-Building: Dialogue Between Archaeology and Humanitarian Shelter.

作者信息

Samson A V M, Crawford C A, Hoogland M L P, Hofman C L

机构信息

University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire UK.

Centre for Urban Sustainability and Resilience, Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK.

出版信息

Hum Ecol Interdiscip J. 2015;43(2):323-337. doi: 10.1007/s10745-015-9741-5.

DOI:10.1007/s10745-015-9741-5

PMID:25983379

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4422855/

Abstract

This paper responds to questions posed by archaeologists and engineers in the humanitarian sector about relationships between shelter, disasters and resilience. Enabled by an increase in horizontal excavations combined with high-resolution settlement data from excavations in the Dominican Republic, the paper presents a synthesis of Caribbean house data spanning a millennium (1400 BP- 450 BP). An analysis of architectural traits identify the house as an institution that constitutes and catalyses change in an emergent and resilient pathway. The "Caribbean architectural mode" emerged in a period of demographic expansion and cultural transition, was geographically widespread, different from earlier and mainland traditions and endured the hazards of island and coastal ecologies. We use archaeological analysis at the house level to consider the historical, ecological and regional dimensions of resilience in humanitarian action.

摘要

本文回应了人道主义领域考古学家和工程师提出的关于避难所、灾害与恢复力之间关系的问题。得益于水平挖掘的增加以及来自多米尼加共和国挖掘的高分辨率聚落数据，本文呈现了跨越一千年（公元前1400年 - 公元前450年）的加勒比房屋数据的综合情况。对建筑特征的分析将房屋确定为一种在新兴且有恢复力的路径中构成并催化变化的机构。“加勒比建筑模式”出现在人口扩张和文化转型时期，在地理上广泛分布，不同于早期和大陆传统，并经受住了岛屿和沿海生态的各种危险。我们在房屋层面进行考古分析，以考量人道主义行动中恢复力的历史、生态和区域维度。