da Silva Josinaldo Jarbas, Behm David George, Gomes Willy Andrade, Silva Fernando Henrique Domingues de Oliveira, Soares Enrico Gori, Serpa Érica Paes, Vilela Junior Guanis de Barros, Lopes Charles Ricardo, Marchetti Paulo Henrique
Graduate Program in Science of Human Movement, College of Health Science (FACIS), Methodist University of Piracicaba , Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland , Canada.
J Sports Sci Med. 2015 May 8;14(2):315-21. eCollection 2015 Jun.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of unilateral ankle plantar flexors static-stretching (SS) on the passive range of movement (ROM) of the stretched limb, surface electromyography (sEMG) and single-leg bounce drop jump (SBDJ) performance measures of the ipsilateral stretched and contralateral non-stretched lower limbs. Seventeen young men (24 ± 5 years) performed SBDJ before and after (stretched limb: immediately post-stretch, 10 and 20 minutes and non-stretched limb: immediately post-stretch) unilateral ankle plantar flexor SS (6 sets of 45s/15s, 70-90% point of discomfort). SBDJ performance measures included jump height, impulse, time to reach peak force, contact time as well as the sEMG integral (IEMG) and pre-activation (IEMGpre-activation) of the gastrocnemius lateralis. Ankle dorsiflexion passive ROM increased in the stretched limb after the SS (pre-test: 21 ± 4° and post-test: 26.5 ± 5°, p < 0.001). Post-stretching decreases were observed with peak force (p = 0.029), IEMG (P<0.001), and IEMGpre-activation (p = 0.015) in the stretched limb; as well as impulse (p = 0.03), and jump height (p = 0.032) in the non-stretched limb. In conclusion, SS effectively increased passive ankle ROM of the stretched limb, and transiently (less than 10 minutes) decreased muscle peak force and pre-activation. The decrease of jump height and impulse for the non-stretched limb suggests a SS-induced central nervous system inhibitory effect. Key pointsWhen considering whether or not to SS prior to athletic activities, one must consider the potential positive effects of increased ankle dorsiflexion motion with the potential deleterious effects of power and muscle activity during a simple jumping task or as part of the rehabilitation process.Since decreased jump performance measures can persist for 10 minutes in the stretched leg, the timing of SS prior to performance must be taken into consideration.Athletes, fitness enthusiasts and therapists should also keep in mind that SS one limb has generalized effects upon contralateral limbs as well.
本研究旨在评估单侧踝关节跖屈肌静态拉伸（SS）对被拉伸肢体的被动活动范围（ROM）、表面肌电图（sEMG）以及同侧被拉伸和对侧未被拉伸下肢的单腿反弹跳（SBDJ）性能指标的急性影响。17名年轻男性（24±5岁）在单侧踝关节跖屈肌SS（6组，每组45秒/15秒，70 - 90%不适点）前后进行SBDJ测试（被拉伸肢体：拉伸后即刻、10分钟和20分钟；未被拉伸肢体：拉伸后即刻）。SBDJ性能指标包括跳跃高度、冲量、达到峰值力的时间、接触时间以及外侧腓肠肌的sEMG积分（IEMG）和预激活（IEMGpre - activation）。SS后被拉伸肢体的踝关节背屈被动ROM增加（测试前：21±4°，测试后：26.5±5°，p<0.001）。在被拉伸肢体中，拉伸后观察到峰值力（p = 0.029）、IEMG（P<0.001）和IEMGpre - activation（p = 0.015）降低；在未被拉伸肢体中，冲量（p = 0.03）和跳跃高度（p = 0.032）降低。总之，SS有效增加了被拉伸肢体的被动踝关节ROM，并短暂地（少于10分钟）降低了肌肉峰值力和预激活。未被拉伸肢体的跳跃高度和冲量降低表明SS诱导了中枢神经系统抑制作用。要点在考虑是否在体育活动前进行SS时，必须考虑增加踝关节背屈运动的潜在积极影响以及在简单跳跃任务或康复过程中力量和肌肉活动的潜在有害影响。由于被拉伸腿部的跳跃性能指标下降可持续10分钟，因此必须考虑在运动前进行SS的时间。运动员、健身爱好者和治疗师还应牢记，对一侧肢体进行SS对另一侧肢体也有普遍影响。
