Nallala Srinivas, Swain Subhashisa, Das Sanju, Kasam Shravan K, Pati Sanghamitra
Public Health Foundation of India, Indian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Public Health Division, Indian Institute of Public Health-Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
J Family Community Med. 2015 May-Aug;22(2):111-7. doi: 10.4103/2230-8229.155390.
Inadequate, inequitable distribution of the medical workforce remains a challenge across the globe, and India is no exception. Odisha, a state in India faces a major shortage of doctors particularly in rural and remote areas. In order to address this challenge, it is essential to understand medical students' career plans, specialization preferences, choices of job location and sector, and views on working in rural and remote areas. This study explored the immediate and long-term career plans of final year medical students, their intended practice locations and underlying reasons for the choices.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all the medical colleges (three government and three private) in the state of Odisha. Through the systematic sampling method, data were gathered from 390 final year students. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the students and data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Of the 390 students, 290 (74.35%) were from a government college. The most preferred immediate career goal was postgraduation studies (45.9% of students in government medical schools and 54% in private). About 17% of government students and 9% of private students showed willingness to work in rural areas, in the long run. Nearly 44.5% mentioned opportunities for career growth, followed by the possibilities for higher education (26.8%) as major the factors for preferring an urban posting. Similarly, higher pay scales, better working conditions were major factors for preferring the private sector. Most of the students maintained that good housing, better salaries, and adequate facilities at the workplace would attract more students toward rural service.
Since public funded medical students are not motivated to serve in rural settings, increasing the number of places or establishing new medical institutions may not be an effective solution to the issue. Approaches such as extended clinical apprenticeship in rural health facilities, long-term community engagement during medical studentship could be considered.
医疗劳动力分布不足且不均衡仍是全球面临的一项挑战，印度也不例外。印度奥里萨邦面临着医生严重短缺的问题，尤其是在农村和偏远地区。为应对这一挑战，了解医学生的职业规划、专业偏好、工作地点和行业选择以及对在农村和偏远地区工作的看法至关重要。本研究探讨了医学专业最后一年学生的近期和长期职业规划、他们打算的执业地点以及做出这些选择的潜在原因。
在奥里萨邦所有医学院（三所政府医学院和三所私立医学院）进行了一项横断面调查。通过系统抽样方法，从390名最后一年的学生中收集数据。向学生发放了一份半结构化问卷，并使用SPSS 20版对数据进行分析。
在390名学生中，290名（74.35%）来自政府医学院。最受欢迎的近期职业目标是攻读研究生（政府医学院45.9%的学生，私立医学院54%的学生）。从长远来看，约17%的政府医学院学生和9%的私立医学院学生表示愿意在农村地区工作。近44.5%的人提到职业发展机会，其次是高等教育的可能性（26.8%），这是他们倾向于在城市工作的主要因素。同样，更高的薪资水平、更好的工作条件是他们倾向于选择私立部门的主要因素。大多数学生认为，良好的住房、更高的薪资以及工作场所充足的设施会吸引更多学生从事农村医疗服务。
由于公费医学生没有动力在农村地区服务，增加名额或建立新的医疗机构可能不是解决该问题的有效办法。可以考虑诸如在农村卫生设施延长临床实习、在医学生阶段进行长期社区参与等方法。
