Shrivastava Shubham, Steele Robert, Ray Ranjit, Ray Ratna B
Departments of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Departments of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Genes Dis. 2015 Mar 1;2(1):35-45. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.01.001.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global health burden with an estimated 170-200 million peoples chronically infected worldwide. HCV infection remains as an independent risk factor for chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and a major reason for liver transplantation. Discovery of direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs have shown promising results with more than 90% success rate in clearing the HCV RNA in patients, although long-term consequences remain to be evaluated. microRNAs (miRNAs) are important players in establishment of HCV infection and target crucial host cellular factors needed for productive HCV replication and augmented cell growth. Altered expression of miRNAs is involved in the pathogenesis associated with HCV infection by controlling signaling pathways such as immune response, proliferation and apoptosis. miRNA is emerging as a means of communication between various cell types inside the liver. There is likely possibility of developing circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of disease progression and can also serve as diagnostic tool with potential of early therapeutic intervention in HCV associated end stage liver disease. This review focuses on recent studies highlighting the contribution of miRNAs in HCV life cycle and their coordinated regulation in HCV mediated liver disease progression.
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）是一项全球性的健康负担，据估计全球有1.7亿至2亿人受到慢性感染。HCV感染仍然是慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌的独立危险因素，也是肝移植的主要原因。直接作用抗病毒（DAA）药物的发现已显示出令人鼓舞的结果，在清除患者体内HCV RNA方面成功率超过90%，尽管其长期后果仍有待评估。微小RNA（miRNA）在HCV感染的建立过程中发挥重要作用，并靶向HCV有效复制和增强细胞生长所需的关键宿主细胞因子。miRNA表达的改变通过控制免疫反应、增殖和凋亡等信号通路参与与HCV感染相关的发病机制。miRNA正成为肝脏内各种细胞类型之间的一种通讯方式。循环miRNA有可能发展成为疾病进展的生物标志物，也可作为诊断工具，具有对HCV相关终末期肝病进行早期治疗干预的潜力。本综述重点关注近期研究，这些研究突出了miRNA在HCV生命周期中的作用及其在HCV介导的肝病进展中的协同调控。
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