Harris Jeffrey E, Balsa Ana Inés, Triunfo Patricia
Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales y Economía, Universidad de Montevideo, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay.
J Health Econ. 2015 Jul;42:186-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.04.002. Epub 2015 Apr 29.
We analyzed a nationwide registry of all pregnancies in Uruguay during 2007-2013 to assess the impact of three types of tobacco control policies: (1) provider-level interventions aimed at the treatment of nicotine dependence, (2) national-level increases in cigarette taxes, and (3) national-level non-price regulation of cigarette packaging and marketing. We estimated models of smoking cessation during pregnancy at the individual, provider and national levels. The rate of smoking cessation during pregnancy increased from 15.4% in 2007 to 42.7% in 2013. National-level non-price policies had the largest estimated impact on cessation. The price response of the tobacco industry attenuated the effects of tax increases. While provider-level interventions had a significant effect, they were adopted by relatively few health centers. Quitting during pregnancy increased birth weight by an estimated 188 g. Tobacco control measures had no effect on the birth weight of newborns of non-smoking women.
我们分析了乌拉圭2007年至2013年期间全国所有怀孕情况的登记数据，以评估三种烟草控制政策的影响：（1）针对尼古丁依赖治疗的医疗机构层面干预措施；（2）全国层面提高香烟税；（3）全国层面香烟包装和营销的非价格监管。我们在个体、医疗机构和国家层面估计了孕期戒烟模型。孕期戒烟率从2007年的15.4%上升到2013年的42.7%。国家层面的非价格政策对戒烟的估计影响最大。烟草行业的价格反应减弱了增税的效果。虽然医疗机构层面的干预措施有显著效果，但采用这些措施的健康中心相对较少。孕期戒烟使出生体重估计增加了188克。烟草控制措施对非吸烟女性新生儿的出生体重没有影响。
