The metabolic syndrome.

The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of signs and symptoms which increase a patient's risk of developing heart disease and diabetes mellitus. The metabolic syndrome or syndrome X includes central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Diagnosing the metabolic syndrome in a patient identifies areas that can be addressed and with appropriate treatment can lower the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. One area of controversy is the question: does the metabolic syndrome as a whole increase risk more than the sum of its parts? Recognizing the metabolic syndrome early with treatment can improve our patients' long-term health.