Abu-Helalah Munir Ahmad, Alshraideh Hussam Ahmad, Al-Serhan Ala-Aldeen Ahmad, Kawaleet Mariana, Nesheiwat Adel Issa
Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan E-mail :
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(9):3981-90. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.3981.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Jordan. Current efforts are focused on annual campaigns aimed at increasing awareness about breast cancer and encouraging women to conduct mammogram screening. In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, there is a need to evaluate current mammography screening uptake and its predictors, assess women's knowledge and attitudes towards breast cancer and screening mammograms and to identify barriers to this preventive service.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in six governorates in Jordan through face- to-face interviews on a random sample of women aged 40 to 69 years.
A total of 507 participants with mean age of 46.8±7.8 years were interviewed. There was low participation rate in early detection of breast cancer practices. Breast self-examination, doctor examination and periodic mammography screening were reported by 34.9%, 16.8% and 8.6% of study participants, respectively. Additionally 3.8% underwent breast cancer screening at least once but not periodically, while 87.6% had never undergone mammography screening. Reported reasons for conducting the screening were: perceived benefit (50%); family history of breast cancer (23.1%); perceived severity (21.2%); and advice from friend or family member (5.8%). City residents have shown higher probability of undergoing mammogram than those who live in towns or villages. Results revealed negative perceptions and limited knowledge of study participants on breast cancer and breast cancer screening. The most commonly reported barriers for women who never underwent screening were: fear of results (63.8%); no support from surrounding environment (59.7); cost of the test (53.4%); and religious belief, i.e. Qadaa Wa Qadar (51.1%).
In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, the uptake of this preventive service is very low. It is essential for the country of Jordan to work on applying regular systematic mammography screening for breast cancer. Additionally, there is a need for improvement in the current health promotion programmes targeting breast cancer screening. Other areas that could be targeted in future initiatives in this field include access to screening in rural areas and removal of current barriers.
乳腺癌是约旦最常见的癌症类型。目前的工作重点是开展年度活动，以提高对乳腺癌的认识，并鼓励女性进行乳房X光检查筛查。由于约旦缺乏对乳腺癌的定期系统筛查，因此有必要评估当前乳房X光检查筛查的接受情况及其预测因素，评估女性对乳腺癌和乳房X光检查筛查的知识和态度，并确定这项预防服务的障碍。
这项横断面研究通过对约旦六个省份40至69岁女性的随机样本进行面对面访谈来开展。
共访谈了507名平均年龄为46.8±7.8岁的参与者。乳腺癌早期检测措施的参与率较低。分别有34.9%、16.8%和8.6%的研究参与者报告进行过乳房自我检查、医生检查和定期乳房X光检查筛查。此外，3.8%的人至少进行过一次但并非定期的乳腺癌筛查，而87.6%的人从未进行过乳房X光检查筛查。报告的进行筛查的原因有：感知到的益处（50%）；乳腺癌家族史（23.1%）；感知到的严重性（21.2%）以及朋友或家庭成员的建议（5.8%）。城市居民进行乳房X光检查的可能性高于居住在城镇或乡村的居民。结果显示，研究参与者对乳腺癌和乳腺癌筛查存在负面看法且知识有限。从未进行过筛查的女性最常报告的障碍有：害怕结果（63.8%）；周围环境缺乏支持（59.7%）；检查费用（53.4%）以及宗教信仰，即“命运天定”（51.1%）。
由于约旦缺乏对乳腺癌的定期系统筛查，这项预防服务的接受率非常低。约旦有必要致力于对乳腺癌进行定期系统的乳房X光检查筛查。此外，有必要改进当前针对乳腺癌筛查的健康促进项目。该领域未来举措可能针对的其他方面包括农村地区的筛查机会以及消除当前的障碍。
