Lavrencic Louise M, Kurylowicz Lisa, Valenzuela Michael J, Churches Owen F, Keage Hannah A D
a Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy , University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia.
b Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Research Institute , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2016;23(1):61-77. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2015.1048773. Epub 2015 May 19.
Social and general cognitive abilities decline in late life. Those with high cognitive reserve display better general cognitive performance in old age; however, it is unknown whether this is also the case for social cognition. A total of 115 healthy older adults, aged 60-85 years (m = 44, f = 71) were assessed using The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT-R; social cognition), the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ; cognitive reserve), and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-II; general cognitive ability). The LEQ did not predict performance on any TASIT-R subtest: Emotion Evaluation Test (β = -.097, p = .325), Social Inference - Minimal (β = -.004, p = .972), or Social Inference - Enriched (β = -.016, p = .878). Sensitivity analyses using two alternative cognitive reserve measures, years of education and the National Adult Reading Test, supported these effects. Cognitive reserve was strongly related to WASI-II performance. Unlike general cognitive ability, social cognition appears unaffected by cognitive reserve. Findings contribute to the emerging understanding that cognitive reserve differentially affects individual cognitive domains, which has implications for the theoretical understanding of cognitive reserve and its brain correlates. Cognitive measures unbiased by cognitive reserve may serve as best indicators of brain health, free of compensatory mechanisms.
社交和一般认知能力在晚年有所下降。具有高认知储备的人在老年时表现出更好的一般认知能力；然而，社交认知是否也是如此尚不清楚。共有115名年龄在60至85岁之间的健康老年人（男性44名，女性71名）接受了社交推理意识测试（TASIT-R；社交认知）、终生经历问卷（LEQ；认知储备）和韦氏成人智力量表简版（WASI-II；一般认知能力）的评估。LEQ无法预测TASIT-R任何子测试的表现：情绪评估测试（β = -0.097，p = 0.325）、社交推理-简易版（β = -0.004，p = 0.972）或社交推理-丰富版（β = -0.016，p = 0.878）。使用另外两种认知储备测量方法（受教育年限和国家成人阅读测试）进行的敏感性分析支持了这些结果。认知储备与WASI-II的表现密切相关。与一般认知能力不同，社交认知似乎不受认知储备的影响。这些发现有助于加深人们对认知储备对个体认知领域有不同影响的理解，这对认知储备及其大脑相关性的理论理解具有重要意义。不受认知储备影响的认知测量方法可能是脑健康的最佳指标，不受代偿机制的影响。
