Hullmann Stephanie E, Robb Sheri L, Rand Kevin L
School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Psychooncology. 2016 Apr;25(4):387-99. doi: 10.1002/pon.3852. Epub 2015 May 19.
Purposes of this systematic review of life goal research in cancer patients were to (1) identify life goal characteristics and processes being examined, (2) describe instruments used to assess life goal constructs, (3) identify theoretical models being used to guide research, and (4) summarize what is known about the impact of the cancer experience on life goal characteristics, processes, and psychological outcomes.
We conducted this systematic review using MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) published between 1993 and 2014, (2) English language, (3) cancer patient population, and (4) original research articles that assessed life goal characteristics and/or goal processes. One hundred ninety-seven articles were screened and 27 included in the final review.
Seven life goal characteristics and seven life goal processes were identified, and less than half of studies investigated associations between goal characteristics and processes. Conceptual definitions were not provided for about half of the identified life goal constructs. Studies used both validated and author-developed instruments to assess goal constructs. Twenty-four different theoretical models were identified, with self-regulation theory most frequently cited. Overall, the literature suggests that cancer impacts patients' life goal characteristics and processes, and life goal disturbance is related to poorer psychological outcomes.
The impact of the cancer experience on life goals is an important and emerging area of research that would benefit from conceptual and theoretical clarity and measurement consistency.
本项针对癌症患者生活目标研究的系统综述旨在：（1）确定所研究的生活目标特征及过程；（2）描述用于评估生活目标结构的工具；（3）确定用于指导研究的理论模型；（4）总结关于癌症经历对生活目标特征、过程及心理结果影响的已知情况。
我们使用MEDLINE、PubMed、CINAHL和PsycINFO数据库进行了本系统综述。纳入标准如下：（1）1993年至2014年发表；（2）英文；（3）癌症患者群体；（4）评估生活目标特征和/或目标过程的原创研究文章。筛选了197篇文章，最终纳入综述的有27篇。
确定了七个生活目标特征和七个生活目标过程，不到一半的研究调查了目标特征与过程之间的关联。约一半已确定的生活目标结构未给出概念定义。研究使用了经过验证的工具以及作者自行开发的工具来评估目标结构。确定了24种不同的理论模型，自我调节理论被引用得最为频繁。总体而言，文献表明癌症会影响患者的生活目标特征和过程，生活目标紊乱与较差的心理结果相关。
癌症经历对生活目标的影响是一个重要且正在兴起的研究领域，若在概念、理论清晰度及测量一致性方面加以改进将有所助益。
