Metidieri Mirella Melo, Rodrigues Hugo Fernandes Santos, Filho Francisco José Motta Barros de Oliveira, Ferraz Daniela Pereira, Neto Antonio Fausto de Almeida, Torres Sandro
Medical Resident.
Otolaryngologist. Specialist.
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Apr;17(2):208-12. doi: 10.7162/S1809-97772013000200015.
According to the Ministry of Health (2006), Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is hearing loss caused by prolonged exposure to noise. It is characterized as sensorineural hearing loss and is usually bilateral, irreversible, and progressive while the exposure to noise continues. A NIHL is a predictable and preventable disease with an epidemiologically relevant prevalence in urban communities. The hearing loss begins and predominates in the frequencies of 3, 4, and 6 kHz and eventually progresses to 8, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 kHz. In Brazil, regulatory standard 15 limits the exposure to continuous noise to no more than 4 hours' exposure to 90 dBA and a maximum level of 85 dB for a full 8-hour working period. As NIHL is a preventable and predictable disease, preventive action by professionals may be able to change the prevalence of hearing loss in noisy environments.
根据卫生部（2006年）的资料，噪声性听力损失（NIHL）是由于长期暴露于噪声环境而导致的听力损失。其特征为感音神经性听力损失，通常为双侧性、不可逆且呈进行性发展，只要持续暴露于噪声环境中就会如此。噪声性听力损失是一种可预测和可预防的疾病，在城市社区中具有流行病学上的相关患病率。听力损失始于3、4和6千赫兹频率，并以这些频率为主，最终会发展至8、2、1、0.5和0.25千赫兹。在巴西，第15号监管标准将连续噪声的暴露限制为：暴露于90分贝A不超过4小时，在整个8小时工作期间的最大声级为85分贝。由于噪声性听力损失是一种可预防和可预测的疾病，专业人员采取的预防措施或许能够改变嘈杂环境中听力损失的患病率。
