Rezvan Hossein, Moafi Mohammad
Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Para-Veterinary Sciences , Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
Vet Res Forum. 2015 Winter;6(1):1-7. Epub 2015 Mar 15.
Leishmaniasis is one of the major health problems and categorized as a class I disease (emerging and uncontrolled) by World Health Organization (WHO), causing highly significant morbidity and mortality. Indeed, more than 350 million individuals are at risk of Leishmania infection, and about 1.6 million new cases occur causing more than 50 thousands death annually. Because of the severe toxicity and drug resistance, present chemotherapy regimen against diverse forms of Leishmania infections is not totally worthwhile. However, sound immunity due to natural infection, implies that vigor cellular immunity against Leishmania parasites, via their live, attenuated or killed forms, can be developed in dogs and humans. Moreover, genetically conserved antigens (in most of Leishmania species), and components of sand fly saliva confer potential immunogenic molecules for Leishmania vaccination. Vaccines successes in animal studies and some clinical trials clearly justify more researches and investments illuminating opportunities in suitable vaccine designation.
利什曼病是主要的健康问题之一，被世界卫生组织（WHO）归类为I类疾病（新出现且未得到控制），会导致极高的发病率和死亡率。事实上，超过3.5亿人有感染利什曼原虫的风险，每年约有160万新病例出现，导致超过5万人死亡。由于严重的毒性和耐药性，目前针对多种形式利什曼原虫感染的化疗方案并非完全值得。然而，自然感染产生的良好免疫力意味着，通过利什曼原虫的活的、减毒的或灭活的形式，可以在犬类和人类中产生针对利什曼原虫的强大细胞免疫。此外，（在大多数利什曼原虫物种中）基因保守的抗原以及白蛉唾液的成分赋予了用于利什曼病疫苗接种的潜在免疫原性分子。疫苗在动物研究和一些临床试验中的成功显然证明了进行更多研究和投资的合理性，这为合适的疫苗设计带来了机遇。
