Ronfani Luca, Vecchi Brumatti Liza, Mariuz Marika, Tognin Veronica, Bin Maura, Ferluga Valentina, Knowles Alessandra, Montico Marcella, Barbone Fabio
Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy.
Scientific Direction, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy.
PLoS One. 2015 May 21;10(5):e0127052. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127052. eCollection 2015.
The relative role of socioeconomic status (SES), home environment and maternal intelligence, as factors affecting child cognitive development in early childhood is still unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the association of SES, home environment and maternal IQ with child neurodevelopment at 18 months.
The data were collected prospectively in the PHIME study, a newborn cohort study carried out in Italy between 2007 and 2010. Maternal nonverbal abilities (IQ) were evaluated using the Standard Progressive Matrices, a version of the Raven's Progressive Matrices; a direct evaluation of the home environment was carried out with the AIRE instrument, designed using the HOME (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment) model; the socioeconomic characteristics were evaluated using the SES index which takes into account parents occupation, type of employment, educational level, homeownership. The study outcome was child neurodevelopment evaluated at 18 months, with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (BSID III). Linear regression analyses and mediation analyses were carried out to evaluate the association between the three exposures, and the scaled scores of the three main scales of BSID III (cognitive, language and motor scale), with adjustment for a wide range of potential explanatory variables.
Data from 502 mother-child pairs were analyzed. Mediation analysis showed a relationship between SES and maternal IQ, with a complete mediation effect of home environment in affecting cognitive and language domains. A direct significant effect of maternal IQ on the BSID III motor development scale and the mediation effect of home environment were found.
Our results show that home environment was the variable with greater influence on neurodevelopment at 18 months. The observation of how parents and children interact in the home context is crucial to adequately evaluate early child development.
社会经济地位（SES）、家庭环境和母亲智力作为影响幼儿认知发展的因素，其相对作用仍不明确。本研究旨在分析SES、家庭环境和母亲智商与18个月大儿童神经发育的关联。
数据前瞻性收集于PHIME研究，这是一项2007年至2010年在意大利开展的新生儿队列研究。母亲的非语言能力（智商）使用标准渐进矩阵进行评估，这是瑞文渐进矩阵的一个版本；使用基于家庭观察测量环境（HOME）模型设计的AIRE工具对家庭环境进行直接评估；社会经济特征使用SES指数进行评估，该指数考虑了父母的职业、就业类型、教育水平和房屋所有权。研究结果是使用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第三版（BSID III）在18个月时评估的儿童神经发育情况。进行线性回归分析和中介分析，以评估三种暴露因素与BSID III三个主要量表（认知、语言和运动量表）的量表分数之间的关联，并对一系列潜在解释变量进行调整。
分析了502对母婴的数据。中介分析显示SES与母亲智商之间存在关联，家庭环境在影响认知和语言领域方面具有完全中介效应。发现母亲智商对BSID III运动发展量表有直接显著影响以及家庭环境的中介效应。
我们的结果表明，家庭环境是对18个月大儿童神经发育影响更大的变量。观察父母与孩子在家庭环境中的互动方式对于充分评估幼儿发育至关重要。
