Zimmerman Michael R, Gleeson Molly
Villanova University Biology Department, Villanova, Pennsylvania.
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2015 Jun;298(6):949-53. doi: 10.1002/ar.23133.
An Egyptian mummy designated PUM I (Pennsylvania University Museum) was subjected to a complete autopsy in 1972. Forty-one years later, the senior author (MZ) was invited back to the Penn Museum to identify several packages of material that had been preserved with the mummy joining the project conservator (MG) in the evaluation of these remains. A summary of the 1972 examination reviews the dating of the mummy, about 3,000 years ago. The mummy was poorly preserved and the only significant pathology was a rare skin disease, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, which was not identified by modern medicine until 1956. The review of PUM 1, as the mummy is stabilized during conservation at the Penn Museum (previously called the Pennsylvania University Museum), generates a discussion for researchers who embark on the study of mummified remains. There have been major advances in the study of mummies since 1972, including computed tomography (CT) scanning, with much less invasive endoscopically guided biopsies, analysis for ancient DNA (aDNA), nuclear magnetic resonance technology, chemical analysis, and paleoserology. The value of complete autopsy must now be balanced against preservation of a complete mummy by less invasive techniques that are tissue sampled through guided technology. Indeed it is unlikely that these regions of the skin of PUM 1 would have been sampled and studied if these new tools of analysis had been available and applied.
一具编号为PUM I（宾夕法尼亚大学博物馆）的埃及木乃伊于1972年接受了全面尸检。41年后，资深作者（MZ）受邀回到宾夕法尼亚博物馆，与项目修复师（MG）一同鉴定几包与木乃伊一同保存的材料，对这些遗骸进行评估。1972年的检查总结回顾了这具木乃伊的年代，约为3000年前。这具木乃伊保存状况不佳，唯一显著的病理特征是一种罕见的皮肤病——角层下脓疱性皮肤病，直到1956年现代医学才确认这种疾病。随着这具木乃伊在宾夕法尼亚博物馆（原宾夕法尼亚大学博物馆）保存过程中得到稳定，对PUM 1的回顾引发了对研究木乃伊遗骸的研究人员的讨论。自1972年以来，木乃伊研究取得了重大进展，包括计算机断层扫描（CT）、侵入性小得多的内镜引导活检、古代DNA（aDNA）分析、核磁共振技术、化学分析和古血清学。现在必须在全面尸检的价值与通过侵入性较小的技术保存完整木乃伊之间进行权衡，这些技术是通过引导技术对组织进行采样。事实上，如果当时有这些新的分析工具并加以应用，PUM 1的这些皮肤区域不太可能被采样和研究。
