Horii Y
Recording and Research Center University of Colorado, Boulder.
J Speech Hear Res. 1989 Dec;32(4):829-36. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3204.829.
Frequency modulation characteristics of sustained vowel phonations in vocal vibrato were investigated. Eight male singers produced sustained /a/ in vibrato at low-, middle-, and high-pitch levels with comfortable loudness. The recorded voice samples were digitized and analyzed by a program yielding a plot of fundamental frequencies (Fo) of individual fundamental cycles. Modulation frequency, extent, rates of Fo increase and decrease, and modulation jitter and modulation shimmer were measured for individual modulation cycles. Central tendency and variability of these measures, intercorrelations among these measures, and temporal patterns of frequency modulations were investigated. Results indicated (1) significant effects of pitch levels on modulation frequency, (2) more regularity in modulation frequency than extent, (3) predominantly linear temporal patterns of frequency modulation, and (4) faster Fo increase than decrease. Implications of these findings for the nature of underlying mechanisms of frequency control in vocal vibrato are discussed.
研究了声乐颤音中持续元音发声的调频特性。八位男性歌手以舒适的响度在低、中、高音水平上以颤音发出持续的/a/音。记录的语音样本被数字化，并通过一个程序进行分析，该程序生成单个基波周期的基频（Fo）图。针对单个调制周期测量调制频率、幅度、Fo增加和降低的速率，以及调制抖动和调制闪烁。研究了这些测量值的集中趋势和变异性、这些测量值之间的相互关系以及频率调制的时间模式。结果表明：（1）音高对调制频率有显著影响；（2）调制频率比幅度更具规律性；（3）频率调制主要呈线性时间模式；（4）Fo增加比降低更快。讨论了这些发现对声乐颤音频率控制潜在机制性质的影响。
