Kabat G C, Heo M, Ochs-Balcom H M, LeBoff M S, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Adams-Campbell L L, Nassir R, Ard J, Zaslavsky O, Rohan T E
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Profession, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jan;70(1):47-53. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.74. Epub 2015 May 27.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The relationship between obesity and circulating levels of antioxidants is poorly understood. Most studies that have examined the association of adiposity with blood or tissue concentrations of antioxidant micronutrients have been cross-sectional, and few have compared the associations for indices of overall obesity and central obesity. Our aim was to prospectively examine the longitudinal association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist circumference-height ratio (WCHtR) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) with major serum antioxidants in a population of postmenopausal women.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: We used a subsample of participants in the Women's Health Initiative aged 50-79 years at entry with available fasting blood samples and anthropometric measurements obtained at multiple time points over 12.8 years of follow-up (N=2672). Blood samples were used to measure α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein+zeaxanthin, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and retinol at baseline, and at years 1, 3 and 6. We used mixed-effects linear regression analyses to examine associations between anthropometric measures and serum antioxidants at baseline and over time, controlling for covariates.
In longitudinal analyses, carotenoids, and particularly β-carotene, were strongly and inversely associated with BMI, WC and WCHtR and less so with WHR. α-Tocopherol showed a strong positive association with WHR but not with other anthropometric measures, whereas γ-tocopherol was positively and strongly associated with BMI, WC, WCHtR and less so with WHR. Retinol was positively associated with WHR. The inverse association of several carotenoids with anthropometric measures was stronger in never and former smokers compared with current smokers and in women without the metabolic syndrome. The inverse association of carotenoids with obesity measures may reflect reduced micronutrient concentrations owing to inflammation associated with obesity.
In the present study, the strongest observed associations between anthropometric variables and micronutrients were an inverse association of WC with serum β-carotene and a positive association of WC with γ-tocopherol.
背景/目的：肥胖与循环抗氧化剂水平之间的关系尚不清楚。大多数研究肥胖与抗氧化剂微量营养素血液或组织浓度之间关联的研究都是横断面研究，很少有研究比较总体肥胖指数和中心性肥胖指数的关联。我们的目的是前瞻性地研究绝经后女性人群中体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、腰围身高比（WCHtR）和腰臀比（WHR）与主要血清抗氧化剂之间的纵向关联。
研究对象/方法：我们使用了女性健康倡议研究中年龄在50 - 79岁的参与者的一个子样本，这些参与者在入组时有空腹血样，并且在12.8年的随访期间的多个时间点进行了人体测量（N = 2672）。在基线、第1年、第3年和第6年采集血样，用于测量α - 胡萝卜素、β - 胡萝卜素、β - 隐黄质、叶黄素 + 玉米黄质、α - 生育酚、γ - 生育酚和视黄醇。我们使用混合效应线性回归分析来研究人体测量指标与基线及随时间变化的血清抗氧化剂之间的关联，并对协变量进行控制。
在纵向分析中，类胡萝卜素，尤其是β - 胡萝卜素，与BMI、WC和WCHtR呈强烈负相关，与WHR的相关性较弱。α - 生育酚与WHR呈强正相关，但与其他人体测量指标无关，而γ - 生育酚与BMI、WC、WCHtR呈强正相关，与WHR的相关性较弱。视黄醇与WHR呈正相关。与当前吸烟者相比，从不吸烟和曾经吸烟的人群以及无代谢综合征的女性中，几种类胡萝卜素与人体测量指标的负相关更强。类胡萝卜素与肥胖指标的负相关可能反映了由于与肥胖相关的炎症导致的微量营养素浓度降低。
在本研究中，观察到的人体测量变量与微量营养素之间最强的关联是WC与血清β - 胡萝卜素的负相关以及WC与γ - 生育酚的正相关。
