Hechenbleikner Elizabeth M, McQuade Jennifer A
Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.
Department of Colorectal Surgery, Virginia Hospital Center, Arlington, Virginia.
Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2015 Jun;28(2):79-86. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1547335.
Over one billion people worldwide harbor intestinal parasites. Parasitic intestinal infections have a predilection for developing countries due to overcrowding and poor sanitation but are also found in developed nations, such as the United States, particularly in immigrants or in the setting of sporadic outbreaks. Although the majority of people are asymptomatically colonized with parasites, the clinical presentation can range from mild abdominal discomfort or diarrhea to serious complications, such as perforation or bleeding. Protozoa and helminths (worms) are the two major classes of intestinal parasites. Protozoal intestinal infections include cryptosporidiosis, cystoisosporiasis, cyclosporiasis, balantidiasis, giardiasis, amebiasis, and Chagas disease, while helminth infections include ascariasis, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, enterobiasis, and schistosomiasis. Intestinal parasites are predominantly small intestine pathogens but the large intestine is also frequently involved. This article highlights important aspects of parasitic infections of the colon including epidemiology, transmission, symptoms, and diagnostic methods as well as appropriate medical and surgical treatment.
全球超过十亿人感染肠道寄生虫。由于人口密集和卫生条件差，寄生虫性肠道感染在发展中国家更为常见，但在发达国家如美国也有发现，尤其是在移民人群中或偶发疫情的情况下。尽管大多数人感染寄生虫后没有症状，但临床表现范围可从轻微的腹部不适或腹泻到严重的并发症，如穿孔或出血。原生动物和蠕虫是肠道寄生虫的两大类别。原生动物性肠道感染包括隐孢子虫病、贝氏等孢球虫病、环孢子虫病、结肠小袋纤毛虫病、贾第虫病、阿米巴病和恰加斯病，而蠕虫感染包括蛔虫病、鞭虫病、粪类圆线虫病、蛲虫病和血吸虫病。肠道寄生虫主要是小肠病原体，但大肠也经常受累。本文重点介绍结肠寄生虫感染的重要方面，包括流行病学、传播途径、症状、诊断方法以及适当的药物和手术治疗。
