Damane Botle Precious, Mulaudzi Thanyani Victor, Kader Sayed Shakeel, Naidoo Pragalathan, Savkovic Suzana D, Dlamini Zodwa, Mkhize-Kwitshana Zilungile Lynette
Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Medical School Campus, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jan 25;15(3):748. doi: 10.3390/cancers15030748.
The advancement of HIV treatment has led to increased life expectancy. However, people living with HIV (PLWH) are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancers. Chronic inflammation has a key role in oncogenesis, affecting the initiation, promotion, transformation, and advancement of the disease. PLWH are prone to opportunistic infections that trigger inflammation. It has been documented that 15-20% of cancers are triggered by infections, and this percentage is expected to be increased in HIV co-infections. The incidence of parasitic infections such as helminths, with being the most common, is higher in HIV-infected individuals. Cancer cells and opportunistic infections drive a cascade of inflammatory responses which assist in evading immune surveillance, making them survive longer in the affected individuals. Their survival leads to a chronic inflammatory state which further increases the probability of oncogenesis. This review discusses the key inflammatory signaling pathways involved in disease pathogenesis in HIV-positive patients with colorectal cancers. The possibility of the involvement of co-infections in the advancement of the disease, along with highlights on signaling mechanisms that can potentially be utilized as therapeutic strategies to prevent oncogenesis or halt cancer progression, are addressed.
艾滋病病毒治疗的进展使得预期寿命延长。然而，艾滋病病毒感染者患结直肠癌的风险更高。慢性炎症在肿瘤发生过程中起关键作用，影响疾病的起始、促进、转化和进展。艾滋病病毒感染者容易发生引发炎症的机会性感染。据记载，15%至20%的癌症由感染引发，预计在艾滋病病毒合并感染中这一比例还会上升。在艾滋病病毒感染者中，诸如蠕虫等寄生虫感染的发生率较高，其中 最为常见。癌细胞和机会性感染引发一系列炎症反应，有助于逃避免疫监视，使其在感染者体内存活更长时间。它们的存活导致慢性炎症状态，这进一步增加了肿瘤发生的可能性。本综述讨论了艾滋病病毒阳性结直肠癌患者疾病发病机制中关键的炎症信号通路。还探讨了合并感染在疾病进展中的可能性，以及对可能用作预防肿瘤发生或阻止癌症进展的治疗策略的信号传导机制的重点介绍。
