Nguyen Kim Anh, Peer Nasheeta, Mills Edward J, Kengne Andre Pascal
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
AIDS Rev. 2015 Apr-Jun;17(2):83-95.
Hypertension among HIV-positive populations has emerged as a new threat to the health and well being of people living with HIV, particularly among those receiving antiretroviral therapy. We reviewed the global evidence on the burden of disease (including prevalence and incidence), determinants of hypertension among HIV-positive populations, and the pharmacological management of hypertension in HIV-positive patients. We systematically searched PubMed-MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 2000 through February 2015 for relevant studies and traced their citations through the ISI Web of Science. We also searched the websites of the World Health Organisation, the International Society of Hypertension, and the International AIDS Society and constructed a narrative data synthesis. Hypertension is common in HIV-positive populations, with prevalence estimates ranging from 4.7 to 54.4% in high-income countries, and from 8.7 to 45.9% in low- and middle-income countries. The role of HIV-specific factors including disease severity, duration of disease, and treatments on the presence of hypertension in HIV-positive patients is reported, but patterns remain unclear. The clinical management of hypertension in HIV-positive patients is similar to those with hypertension in the general population; however, additional considerations should be given to potential drug interactions between antihypertensive agents and antiretroviral drugs to inform the clinician's selection of these therapies. Hypertension is common in HIV-positive populations and remains an important comorbidity affecting mortality outcomes. Further research examining the development of hypertension and its associated care in HIV-positive patients is required to optimize management of the dual conditions.
艾滋病毒阳性人群中的高血压已成为对艾滋病毒感染者健康和福祉的新威胁，尤其是在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的人群中。我们回顾了关于疾病负担（包括患病率和发病率）、艾滋病毒阳性人群中高血压的决定因素以及艾滋病毒阳性患者高血压药物治疗的全球证据。我们系统检索了2000年1月至2015年2月期间PubMed-MEDLINE和EMBASE中的相关研究，并通过科学引文索引（ISI）Web of Science追踪其参考文献。我们还搜索了世界卫生组织、国际高血压学会和国际艾滋病学会的网站，并进行了叙述性数据综合分析。高血压在艾滋病毒阳性人群中很常见，高收入国家的患病率估计为4.7%至54.4%，低收入和中等收入国家为8.7%至45.9%。有报告称，包括疾病严重程度、病程和治疗在内的艾滋病毒特异性因素在艾滋病毒阳性患者高血压发生中的作用，但模式仍不明确。艾滋病毒阳性患者高血压的临床管理与普通人群中的高血压患者相似；然而，应额外考虑抗高血压药物与抗逆转录病毒药物之间的潜在药物相互作用，以便为临床医生选择这些治疗方法提供参考。高血压在艾滋病毒阳性人群中很常见，仍然是影响死亡率结果的重要合并症。需要进一步研究艾滋病毒阳性患者高血压的发生及其相关护理，以优化对这两种疾病的管理。
