Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife, Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka, Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna, Chukwuonye Innocent Ijezie, Echendu Sylvia Tochukwu, Umeadi Esther Ngozi, Anyabolu Arthur Ebelenna
Department of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, Nigeria.
Niger Med J. 2023 Feb 24;63(5):425-431. eCollection 2022 Sep-Oct.
Hypertension is a major healthcare problem in Nigeria with a probable prevalence of 36.6%. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global healthcare problem. The factors which influence hypertension in HIV subjects have not been completely identified. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and the factors which might influence hypertension in HAART-naïve HIV subjects.
This was a cross-sectional study involving 393 treatment-naïve HIV subjects and 136 age and sex-matched HIV seronegative controls. Anthropometric and demographic data were obtained, blood pressure measurements and other relevant investigations were performed. Hypertension was defined here as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90mmHg. Hypertension was compared between the HIV subjects and the non-HIV control. The association of the variables with hypertension in HIV subjects were determined.
The mean age of the HIV subjects was 39±11 years. Females were 282(72.0%) and males 110(28.0%). The prevalence of hypertension was 23.7% in HIV subjects and 31.6% in the non-HIV control. The prevalence of hypertension was 17.2% in HIV subjects with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) <1.0mg/dl and this was significantly lower than the prevalence of hypertension of 27.1% in those whose serum HDL was ≥ 1.0mg/dl. There was no significant association between hypertension and 24-hour urine osmolality (24HUOsm) (p=0.094), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.572), 24-hour urine protein (24HUP) (p=0.606), serum total cholesterol (p=0.628), serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (p=0.116), triglyceride (TG) (p=0.925), Systolic blood pressure had a significant correlation with serum HDL, (r=0.114, p=0.024). Similarly, CD4 cell count correlated significantly with DBP (r=0.123, p=0.012. Serum HDL (p=0.0.024) and CD4 cell count (p=0.012) predicted hypertension in HIV subjects.
The prevalence of hypertension of 23.7% in HIV subjects was high in this study. Low CD4 cell count and low serum HDL were predictors of hypertension in HIV subjects.
高血压是尼日利亚的一个主要医疗问题，患病率可能为36.6%。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染是一个全球性的医疗问题。影响HIV感染者高血压的因素尚未完全明确。本研究旨在确定未接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）的HIV感染者中高血压的患病率以及可能影响高血压的因素。
这是一项横断面研究，纳入了393例未接受治疗的HIV感染者以及136例年龄和性别匹配的HIV血清学阴性对照者。获取了人体测量和人口统计学数据，进行了血压测量及其他相关检查。此处高血压定义为收缩压（SBP）≥140mmHg且舒张压（DBP）≥90mmHg。比较了HIV感染者与非HIV对照者之间的高血压情况。确定了HIV感染者中各变量与高血压的关联。
HIV感染者的平均年龄为39±11岁。女性282例（72.0%），男性110例（28.0%）。HIV感染者中高血压患病率为23.7%，非HIV对照者中为31.6%。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）<1.0mg/dl的HIV感染者中高血压患病率为17.2%，显著低于血清HDL≥1.0mg/dl者的高血压患病率27.1%。高血压与24小时尿渗透压（24HUOsm）（p = 0.094）、体重指数（BMI）（p = 0.572）、24小时尿蛋白（24HUP）（p = 0.606）、血清总胆固醇（p = 0.628）、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）（p = 0.116）、甘油三酯（TG）（p = 0.925）之间无显著关联。收缩压与血清HDL有显著相关性（r = 0.114，p = 0.024）。同样，CD4细胞计数与舒张压显著相关（r = 0.123，p = 0.012）。血清HDL（p = 0.024）和CD4细胞计数（p = 0.012）可预测HIV感染者的高血压。
本研究中HIV感染者高血压患病率为23.7%，处于较高水平。低CD4细胞计数和低血清HDL是HIV感染者高血压的预测因素。
