Diao Chunyan, Li Jianfeng, Zhang Bin, Tang Shichuang
a School of Chemistry and Eco-Environmental Engineering (School of Chinese Pharmacy), Guizhou Minzu University , Guizhou , People's Republic of China.
b Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protections , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2017 Mar;67(3):341-351. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1054529.
In this study, we report on total gaseous mercury (TGM) field observations made in the rural area of Shanghai, Chongming Island, China, from September 2009 to April 2012. The average TGM was 2.65 ± 1.73 ng m in Chongming Island, which is higher than the TGM background value of the Northern Hemisphere (1.5-1.7 ng m); this indicates that to some extent, the Chongming area has been affected by anthropogenic mercury emissions. The observed TGM follows a seasonal pattern; concentrations are highest in winter, followed by autumn, summer, and spring. There is also a clear diurnal variation in TGM. All peak values appear between 7:00 and 9:00 in all four seasons; this appears to be the result of the height change in the atmospheric boundary layer that occurs between day and night. TGM concentrations in Chongming remain high in the westerly wind direction, especially in the southwest direction because of its low frequency, so the greatest source contribution to TGM in Chongming lies to the northwest. Wind speed is also a significant factor affecting TGM, and was negatively correlated with TGM concentrations. TGM is also closely related to carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, indicating that TGM is impacted by human activities. The slope of the linear fitting of TGM and CO demonstrates that the contribution of noncoal source emissions to TGM in summer is greater than in autumn, mainly because the high temperature and intensive sunlight in summer increase mercury emissions from natural sources.
Except for some studies in the coastal areas (e.g., Kang Hwa Island by Kim et al., 2006, An-Myun Island by Kim et al., 2002, and Okinawa by Chan et al., 2008), data specifically for coastal areas are lacking. Monitoring of total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the rural area of Shanghai, Chongming Island, can help us understand mercury distribution.
在本研究中，我们报告了2009年9月至2012年4月在中国上海崇明岛农村地区进行的总气态汞（TGM）实地观测结果。崇明岛的TGM平均浓度为2.65±1.73纳克/立方米，高于北半球的TGM背景值（1.5 - 1.7纳克/立方米）；这表明崇明地区在一定程度上受到了人为汞排放的影响。观测到的TGM呈现出季节性模式；浓度在冬季最高，其次是秋季、夏季和春季。TGM也存在明显的日变化。所有峰值出现在四个季节的7:00至9:00之间；这似乎是昼夜之间大气边界层高度变化的结果。崇明岛TGM浓度在西风方向，特别是西南方向仍然较高，因其出现频率较低，所以对崇明岛TGM贡献最大的源位于西北方向。风速也是影响TGM的一个重要因素，且与TGM浓度呈负相关。TGM还与一氧化碳（CO）浓度密切相关，表明TGM受到人类活动的影响。TGM与CO线性拟合的斜率表明，夏季非煤炭源排放对TGM的贡献大于秋季，主要是因为夏季高温和强烈阳光增加了自然源的汞排放。
除了一些沿海地区的研究（例如Kim等人2006年对江华岛、Kim等人2002年对安岛以及Chan等人2008年对冲绳岛的研究）外，专门针对沿海地区的数据较为缺乏。对上海崇明岛农村地区总气态汞（TGM）的监测有助于我们了解汞的分布情况。
