Svensson Charlotta, Berg Karin, Sigurs Nele, Trollfors Birger
Department of Paediatrics, Angered Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
North Älvsborg Hospital, Trollhättan, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 2015 Sep;104(9):922-6. doi: 10.1111/apa.13061. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are among the most common lower respiratory tract infections in infants, but few studies have determined the age-specific incidence of hospitalisation in defined populations. This study gathered Swedish data on RSV in Gothenburg and its 10 surrounding municipalities from 2004 to 2011.
Information was obtained from hospital databases of all patients up to five years of age who had a discharge diagnosis of an RSV infection and had a positive antigen detection or polymerase chain reaction test.
A total of 1764 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 238 of these were preterm. The incidence under one year of age was 17.4/1000/year, and in children aged one to four years it was 0.6/1000/year. RSV patients occupied a mean of 1141 hospital beds per year: 65 were treated in the intensive care unit, 27 needed ventilator support, 19 needed continuous positive airway pressure, 408 (23%) received antibiotics, 399 (23%) received steroids, and all but four patients received a bronchodilator. All children survived.
The incidence of RSV infections was high, medication use was high, and complications were low. Preterm infants had a higher risk, but most infants needing hospitalisation for RSV are full term and have no known risk factors.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染是婴儿最常见的下呼吸道感染之一，但很少有研究确定特定人群中按年龄划分的住院发病率。本研究收集了2004年至2011年瑞典哥德堡及其周边10个城市关于RSV的相关数据。
从所有5岁以下出院诊断为RSV感染且抗原检测或聚合酶链反应试验呈阳性的患者的医院数据库中获取信息。
共有1764名儿童符合纳入标准，其中238名是早产儿。1岁以下儿童的发病率为每年17.4/1000，1至4岁儿童的发病率为每年0.6/1000。RSV患者每年平均占用1141张医院床位：65名在重症监护室接受治疗，27名需要呼吸机支持，19名需要持续气道正压通气，408名（23%）接受了抗生素治疗，399名（23%）接受了类固醇治疗，除4名患者外，所有患者均接受了支气管扩张剂治疗。所有儿童均存活。
RSV感染发病率高，用药率高，并发症发生率低。早产儿风险较高，但大多数因RSV需要住院治疗的婴儿是足月儿，且无已知风险因素。
