Smith Ben J, Thomas Margaret, Batras Dimitri
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Level 3 (Burnet Tower), 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
ARTD Consultants Ltd, Sydney, Australia School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Health Promot Int. 2016 Sep;31(3):572-81. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dav042. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
Organized physical activity through sport and recreational activities is beneficial for physical and psychosocial well-being and community connectedness. However, many who could gain significantly from this have lower participation, especially the socioeconomically disadvantaged, Indigenous people, culturally diverse communities and people with a disability. This study examined barriers to participation by these underserved groups and the success of strategies for overcoming these used in 22 community projects over 3 years in the VicHealth Participation in Community Sport and Recreation Program, in Victoria, Australia. Each year, in-depth interviews were undertaken with 50-60 activity providers and 30-40 project partners. Major barriers to participation were cost, lack of transport, cultural differences, the environment of sporting groups and inaccessible facilities for people with disabilities. Projects that overcame these selected one or two priority groups, put significant effort into communication and building partnerships with community organizations, provided training to staff and volunteers and created new or modified forms of activity. Strategies were put in place to reduce cost and provide transport, but these did not appear to be sustainable. Many organizations found engaging the underserved was more difficult than anticipated and require information and support about how to develop acceptable, accessible and flexible opportunities for disadvantaged groups. Cost and lack of transport are persistent barriers to participation that need to be addressed by the sport and recreation sector and policy-makers.
通过体育和娱乐活动进行有组织的体育锻炼，对身心健康和社区联系有益。然而，许多能从中显著获益的人参与度较低，尤其是社会经济地位不利者、原住民、文化多元社区的居民以及残疾人。本研究调查了这些服务不足群体参与活动的障碍，以及在澳大利亚维多利亚州的维克健康社区体育与娱乐参与项目中，22个社区项目在3年里用于克服这些障碍的策略的成效。每年，对50 - 60名活动提供者和30 - 40名项目合作伙伴进行深入访谈。参与的主要障碍包括成本、交通不便、文化差异、体育团体的环境以及残疾人无法使用的设施。克服这些障碍的项目选择了一两个优先群体，在与社区组织沟通和建立伙伴关系方面投入大量精力，为工作人员和志愿者提供培训，并创造新的或改进的活动形式。采取了降低成本和提供交通的策略，但这些策略似乎不可持续。许多组织发现，让服务不足群体参与比预期更困难，需要有关如何为弱势群体开发可接受、无障碍和灵活机会的信息和支持。成本和交通不便仍然是参与的障碍，体育和娱乐部门以及政策制定者需要加以解决。
