Research Group in Social and Nutritional Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
Biomedical Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabellón 11 Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 10;16(16):2649. doi: 10.3390/nu16162649.
The aims of this research were to evaluate the current nutritional status, dietary intake, and level of physical activity and assess the need for intervention. This was a cross-sectional study with 2724 participating children aged 6-9 years old. Nutritional status was assessed using nutrimetry, dietary intake with a 3-day food-recall questionnaire and physical activity with an ad hoc questionnaire. The nutricode with the highest prevalence was healthy weight/normal stature, with 51.3% of the sample. For the BMI for age Z-score, those in the overweight/obesity category represented 37.5% of the sample, while the thinness category included 7.6%. Intake of calories, proteins, sugar, lipids, SFA, MUFA, and cholesterol were significantly higher than recommended. The thinness groups consumed a significantly higher amount of excess calories while the overweight/obesity groups had the lowest mean excess calorie intake. Children in the thinness category presented the highest rates at both ends of the spectrum for sedentary activities. This study showed the high prevalence of malnutrition in schoolchildren. The results for the risk of thinness and overweight/obesity according to individual nutrient intake should be carefully interpreted. Lifestyle is a fundamental aspect to consider when combating malnutrition, especially at the level of dietary and physical activity habits, to combine various methods of intervention to improve nutritional status.
本研究旨在评估当前的营养状况、饮食摄入和身体活动水平，并评估干预的需求。这是一项横断面研究，共有 2724 名 6-9 岁的儿童参与。营养状况评估采用营养测定法，饮食摄入采用 3 天食物回忆问卷，身体活动采用专门的问卷。营养编码中最常见的是健康体重/正常身高，占样本的 51.3%。对于年龄身高体重指数 Z 评分，超重/肥胖组占样本的 37.5%，消瘦组占 7.6%。卡路里、蛋白质、糖、脂肪、饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和胆固醇的摄入量明显高于推荐量。消瘦组摄入的多余卡路里明显更多，而超重/肥胖组的多余卡路里平均摄入量最低。消瘦组在久坐活动的两个极端都表现出最高的发生率。本研究表明，儿童中存在较高的营养不良发生率。根据个体营养素摄入情况评估消瘦和超重/肥胖风险的结果应谨慎解读。生活方式是对抗营养不良的一个基本方面，尤其是在饮食和身体活动习惯方面，应结合各种干预方法来改善营养状况。
