Couto Natacha, Belas Adriana, Kadlec Kristina, Schwarz Stefan, Pomba Constança
Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Sep;70(9):2483-7. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkv141. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
The objective of this study was to identify the Staphylococcus aureus clonal types currently circulating in animals, humans in contact with animals and the environment in Portugal based on genetic relatedness, virulence potential and antimicrobial/biocide susceptibility.
Seventy-four S. aureus isolates from pets, livestock, the environment and humans in contact with animals were characterized by SCCmec typing, spa typing, PFGE and CC398-specific PCR, by antimicrobial and biocide susceptibility testing and by detection of resistance genes and genes for efflux pumps. Representative strains were analysed by DNA microarray and MLST.
The S. aureus isolates represented 13 spa types and 3 SCCmec types and belonged to three clonal complexes (CC5, CC22 and CC398). Most of the isolates were multiresistant and harboured the resistance genes that explained the resistance phenotype. The qacG and qacJ genes for biocide resistance were detected in 14 isolates (all MRSA CC398), while 4 isolates (3 CC5 and 1 CC22) had insertions in the -10 motif of the norA promoter. Isolates of the clonal lineages associated with pets (CC5 and CC22) harboured specific sets of virulence genes and often a lower number of resistance genes than isolates of the clonal lineage associated with livestock animals (CC398).
We found, for the first time in animals in Portugal, four strains belonging to CC5, including ST105-II, a lineage that has been previously reported as vancomycin-resistant S. aureus in Portugal. Moreover, for the first time the qacG and qacJ genes were detected in MRSA CC398 strains. Active surveillance programmes detecting MRSA not only in livestock animals but also in companion animals are urgently needed.
本研究的目的是基于遗传相关性、毒力潜力以及对抗菌药物/消毒剂的敏感性，确定目前在葡萄牙的动物、与动物接触的人类以及环境中传播的金黄色葡萄球菌克隆类型。
通过葡萄球菌盒式染色体 mec 分型（SCCmec 分型）、葡萄球菌蛋白 A 分型（spa 分型）、脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）和 CC398 特异性聚合酶链反应（PCR），对抗菌药物和消毒剂敏感性测试以及耐药基因和外排泵基因的检测，对来自宠物、家畜、环境以及与动物接触的人类的 74 株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株进行了特征分析。通过 DNA 微阵列和多位点序列分型（MLST）对代表性菌株进行了分析。
金黄色葡萄球菌分离株代表了 13 种 spa 类型和 3 种 SCCmec 类型，属于三个克隆复合体（CC5、CC22 和 CC398）。大多数分离株具有多重耐药性，并携带了解释耐药表型的耐药基因。在 14 株分离株（均为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 CC398）中检测到了消毒剂耐药的 qacG 和 qacJ 基因，而 4 株分离株（3 株 CC5 和 1 株 CC22）在 norA 启动子的 -10 基序中有插入。与宠物相关的克隆谱系（CC5 和 CC22）的分离株携带特定的毒力基因集，并且与家畜相关的克隆谱系（CC398）的分离株相比，耐药基因数量通常较少。
我们在葡萄牙的动物中首次发现了四株属于 CC5 的菌株，包括 ST105-II，该谱系先前在葡萄牙已被报道为耐万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌。此外，首次在耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 CC398 菌株中检测到 qacG 和 qacJ 基因。迫切需要开展主动监测计划，不仅要在家畜中检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，还要在伴侣动物中进行检测。
