Becker F F, Janowsky U, Overath H, Stetter D
Biomed Tech (Berl). 1989 Nov;34(11):280-8.
Monochloramine is produced when drinking water containing ammonium is chlorinated. It has long been known that activated charcoal destroys monochloramine. However, exact data for the dimensioning of a dechloramination plant were lacking. Four different commercially available activated charcoals were characterized (size of particle, iodine number) and examined for their effectiveness in removing monochloramines. The degradation of monochloramine by active charcoal is based on a chemical reaction of first order between carbon and monochloramine. The types of activated charcoal considerably differ in terms of reaction velocity, due in part to the mean granular size. The final concentration of the monochloramines is influenced only by their length of stay in the activated carbon filter, the temperature and the inflow concentration. A mathematical model describes the dependence of the degradation rate of the monochloramines on various factors. With its aid a nomogram can be established with which, simply and quickly, the activated charcoal needed in a concrete case can be determined.
当含铵的饮用水进行氯化处理时会产生一氯胺。长期以来人们都知道活性炭会破坏一氯胺。然而，一直缺乏用于脱氯胺装置尺寸设计的确切数据。对四种不同的市售活性炭进行了特性表征（颗粒大小、碘值），并检测了它们去除一氯胺的效果。活性炭对一氯胺的降解基于碳与一氯胺之间的一级化学反应。活性炭的类型在反应速度方面有很大差异，部分原因在于平均颗粒尺寸。一氯胺的最终浓度仅受其在活性炭过滤器中的停留时间、温度和流入浓度的影响。一个数学模型描述了一氯胺降解速率与各种因素之间的关系。借助该模型可以建立一个列线图，利用它能够简单快速地确定具体情况下所需的活性炭量。
