Karch Jason, Kanisicak Onur, Brody Matthew J, Sargent Michelle A, Michael Demetria M, Molkentin Jeffery D
Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0130520. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130520. eCollection 2015.
During apoptosis the pro-death Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bak induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) to mediate cell death. Recently, it was shown that Bax and Bak are also required for mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP)-dependent necrosis, where, in their non-oligomeric state, they enhance permeability characteristics of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Necroptosis is another form of regulated necrosis involving the death receptors and receptor interacting protein kinases (RIP proteins, by Ripk genes). Here, we show cells or mice deficient for Bax/Bak or cyclophilin D, a protein that regulates MPTP opening, are resistant to cell death induced by necroptotic mediators. We show that Bax/Bak oligomerization is required for necroptotic cell death and that this oligomerization reinforces MPTP opening. Mechanistically, we observe mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein and cofilin-1 translocation to the mitochondria following necroptosis induction, while expression of the mitochondrial matrix isoform of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), is significantly reduced. Some of these effects are lost with necroptosis inhibition in Bax/Bak1 double null, Ppif-/-, or Ripk3-/- fibroblasts. Hence, downstream mechanisms of cell death induced by necroptotic stimuli utilize both Bax/Bak to generate apoptotic pores in the outer mitochondrial membrane as well as MPTP opening in association with known mitochondrial death modifying proteins.
在细胞凋亡过程中,促死亡的Bcl-2家族成员Bax和Bak诱导线粒体外膜通透性改变(MOMP)以介导细胞死亡。最近研究表明,Bax和Bak对于线粒体通透性转换孔(MPTP)依赖性坏死也是必需的,在这种情况下,它们处于非寡聚状态时可增强线粒体外膜的通透性特征。坏死性凋亡是另一种形式的程序性坏死,涉及死亡受体和受体相互作用蛋白激酶(RIP蛋白,由Ripk基因编码)。在此,我们发现缺乏Bax/Bak或亲环蛋白D(一种调节MPTP开放的蛋白)的细胞或小鼠对坏死性凋亡介质诱导的细胞死亡具有抗性。我们表明,Bax/Bak寡聚化是坏死性凋亡细胞死亡所必需的,并且这种寡聚化会增强MPTP的开放。从机制上讲,我们观察到在诱导坏死性凋亡后,混合谱系激酶结构域样(MLKL)蛋白和丝切蛋白-1易位至线粒体,而抗凋亡Bcl-2家族成员髓系细胞白血病1(Mcl-1)的线粒体基质异构体表达显著降低。在Bax/Bak1双敲除、Ppif-/-或Ripk3-/-成纤维细胞中,随着坏死性凋亡受到抑制,其中一些效应消失。因此,坏死性凋亡刺激诱导的细胞死亡下游机制既利用Bax/Bak在线粒体外膜上形成凋亡孔,也利用MPTP开放并与已知的线粒体死亡调节蛋白相关联。