Cunha Carolina, Pedrosa Valderiza Lourenço, Dias Luiz Carlos, Braga Andréa, Chrusciak-Talhari Anette, Santos Mônica, Penna Gerson Oliveira, Talhari Sinésio, Talhari Carolina
Departamento de Dermatologia, Fundação de Dermatologia e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Departamento de Dermatologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2015;48 Suppl 1:55-62. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0103-2013. Epub 2015 Mar 1.
Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. According to comparative genomics studies, this disease originated in Eastern Africa or the Near East and spread with successive human migrations. The Europeans and North Africans introduced leprosy into West Africa and the Americas within the past 500 years. In Brazil, this disease arrived with the colonizers who disembarked at the first colonies, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Recife, at the end of the sixteenth century, after which it was spread to the other states. In 1854, the first leprosy cases were identified in State of Amazonas in the north of Brazil. The increasing number of leprosy cases and the need for treatment and disease control led to the creation of places to isolate patients, known as leprosaria. One of them, Colonia Antônio Aleixo was built in Amazonas in 1956 according to the most advanced recommendations for isolation at that time and was deactivated in 1979. The history of the Alfredo da Matta Center (AMC), which was the first leprosy dispensary created in 1955, parallels the history of leprosy in the state. Over the years, the AMC has become one of the best training centers for leprosy, general dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases in Brazil. In addition to being responsible for leprosy control programs in the state, the AMC has carried out training programs on leprosy diagnosis and treatment for health professionals in Manaus and other municipalities of the state, aiming to increase the coverage of leprosy control activities. This paper provides a historical overview of leprosy in State of Amazonas, which is an endemic state in Brazil.
麻风病是一种由麻风分枝杆菌引起的古老传染病。根据比较基因组学研究，这种疾病起源于东非或近东，并随着人类的不断迁徙而传播。在过去500年里，欧洲人和北非人将麻风病传入西非和美洲。在巴西，这种疾病随着殖民者于16世纪末抵达最初的殖民地里约热内卢、萨尔瓦多和累西腓而传入，之后传播到其他各州。1854年，巴西北部的亚马孙州首次发现麻风病病例。麻风病病例数量的增加以及治疗和疾病控制的需求促使设立了隔离患者的场所，即麻风病院。其中之一的安东尼奥·阿莱ixo殖民地于1956年在亚马孙州建成，依据当时最先进的隔离建议，于1979年停用。阿尔弗雷多·达·马塔中心（AMC）是1955年创建的首个麻风病诊疗所，其历史与该州的麻风病历史并行。多年来，AMC已成为巴西麻风病、普通皮肤病和性传播疾病方面最佳的培训中心之一。除负责该州的麻风病控制项目外，AMC还为玛瑙斯及该州其他市镇的卫生专业人员开展麻风病诊断和治疗培训项目，旨在扩大麻风病控制活动的覆盖范围。本文提供了巴西麻风病流行州亚马孙州麻风病的历史概述。
